美国科学天才奖的人才早期孵化经验及其启示  

Early Talent Incubation Experience of the U.S.Science Genius Award and Its Implications

作　　者：王珂 李侠[2] WANG Ke;LI Xia(School of Marxism,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510006;School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai,200240)

机构地区：[1]广州大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510006 [2]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2025年第3期93-101,共9页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人工智能伦理风险防范研究”(项目编号:20ZD041);中国科协2022年度研究生科普能力提升项目“科技资源科普化研究”(项目编号:KXYJS2022059)。

摘　　要：美国科学天才奖是在二战时期成立的识别青少年科学天赋的竞赛活动,为美国的人才链条发展提供了稳定的智力资源。考察美国科学天才奖的历史发展以及人才孵化形式等,可以发现其运行机制具有以下特征:美国科学天才奖开创了学校、政府机构、公益组织和企业等多方主体相互支撑与合作的生态系统;从制度安排上充分重视人才早期的科学潜能,形成了智力资源的冗余效应;全链条式人才培养与市场需求结构的高度吻合。在此经验基础上,通过相应的制度安排使人才激励政策与人才链条上的各阶段相衔接,被证明是行之有效的。美国科学天才奖的经验对我国科技人才的早期识别与培养具有重要的参考价值。The U.S.Science Genius Award,a competition established during World War II to identify young people's scientific talent,has provided a stable intellectual resource for the development of the talent chain in the United States.For this reason,examining the historical development of the American Scientific Genius Award and the form of talent incubation,we can find that its operation mechanism has the following characteristics:the American Scientific Genius Award has created an ecosystem of mutual support and cooperation among multiple subjects,such as schools,government agencies,public welfare organizations and enterprises;the redundancy effect of intellectual resources has been formed by paying full attention to the early scientific potential of talents from the institutional arrangement;the whole chain of talent cultivation and a high degree of coincidence of the market demand structure.Based on this experience,it has been proved to be effective to connect the talent incentive policy with each stage of the talent chain through the corresponding institutional arrangement.The experience of the U.S.Scientific Genius Award has important reference value for the early identification and cultivation of scientific and technological talents in China.

关 键 词：科学天才奖 人才孵化 生态系统 全链条人才培养 启示 

分 类 号：F244.3[经济管理—劳动经济] C96[经济管理—国民经济]