油溶性超长碳链防蜡降凝剂的制备及作用机理  

Preparation and mechanism of oil-soluble ultra-long carbon chain paraffin inhibitor

作　　者：但波 马喜平[1] 黄钰 肖万鑫 郑存川[1] DAN Bo;MA Xiping;HUANG Yu;XIAO Wanxin;ZHENG Cunchuan(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《应用化工》2025年第2期355-361,共7页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：四川省科技攻关计划(2021YFG0112)。

摘　　要：为预防塔里木油田H原油中高碳数石蜡的析出,改善原油低温流动性。通过自由基溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸二十二酯、马来酸酐和1-十八烯为原料研制出一种超长碳链的油溶性防蜡降凝剂PDM,对加剂前后防蜡降凝性能、普适性、析蜡特性、微观形貌以及碳数分布进行了评价。结果表明,当PDM加量为2000 mg/L时,静态防蜡率可达74.79%,动态防蜡率为50%以上,H原油的凝点可从26℃降至9℃,并对同区块的三种原油表现出良好的普适性。PDM主要是通过长碳链烷基与蜡晶的共晶吸附来改变蜡晶聚集的形态结构,分子中的极性酸酐基团将持续增强蜡晶在原油中的分散性,两者协同作用实现预防高碳数石蜡沉积的目的。PDM的加入减弱了蜡晶间的相互作用,降低了H原油凝点,显著改善了H原油低温流动性。In order to prevent the precipitation of high carbon paraffin in H crude oil of Tarim Oilfield and improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil,an oil-soluble paraffin inhibitor PDM with ultra-long carbon chain was developed by free radical solution polymerization using docosyl acrylate,maleic anhydride and 1-octadecene as raw materials.The anti-wax and pour point depression performance,universality,wax precipitation characteristics,microstructure and carbon number distribution before and after the addition were evaluated.The results show that the static wax inhibition rate can reach 74.79%,the dynamic wax inhibition rate is more than 50%,and the freezing point can be reduced from 26℃to 9℃when the dosage is 2000 mg/L.It shows good universality for three kinds of crude oil in the same block.PDM mainly changes the morphological structure of wax crystal aggregation by eutectic adsorption of long carbon chain alkyl and wax crystal,and the polar anhydride group in the molecule will continuously enhance the dispersion of wax crystal in crude oil.The synergistic effect of the two can prevent the deposition of high carbon number paraffin.The addition of PDM weakens the interaction between wax crystals,reduces the freezing point of H crude oil,and significantly improves the low temperature fluidity of H crude oil.

关 键 词：高碳数石蜡 防蜡降凝剂 动态防蜡 蜡晶结构 防蜡机理 

分 类 号：TQ9[化学工程] TQ31[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] TE3TE8