隐含异位联合编码的密文图像可逆信息隐藏  

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on combined encoding method containing the opposite bit

作　　者：陈振宇 殷赵霞 占鸿渐 吕淑静[1,2] 胡孟晗[1,2] Chen Zhenyu;Yin Zhaoxia;Zhan Hongjian;Lyu Shujing;Hu Menghan(School of Communication&Electronic Engineering,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学通信与电子工程学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学上海市多维度信息处理重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2025年第3期769-783,共15页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2023YFF0905000)。

摘　　要：目的密文图像可逆信息隐藏技术旨在将信息嵌入至加密图像,以确保信息和原始图像能够准确提取和无损恢复。针对密文图像可逆信息隐藏嵌入率不高的问题,通过增加编码的信息运载效率与利用相邻像素相关性,提出了一种位平面隐含异位联合编码的密文图像可逆信息隐藏方案。方法首先,图像所有者将原始图像分成大小相等的块,并计算出原始图像像素的预测误差。然后,对预测误差的8个位平面进行重排。在位平面压缩阶段,运用隐含异位的联合编码方法进行压缩。压缩后,各类辅助信息被放置到多个高位平面并加密,在多个低位平面上预留空间,结束后进行图像混洗。信息隐藏者将信息嵌入到混洗图像的预留空间中。最后,图像接收者使用密钥提取嵌入的信息或无损恢复原始图像。结果实验结果表明,所提算法在两个常用数据集BOSSBase(break our steganographic system)和BOWS2(break our watermarking system 2nd)上的平均嵌入率分别为3.8183 bpp和3.6943 bpp,在同类算法中表现优异。结论所提算法更好地利用原始图像相邻像素间的相关性解决了实际应用中连续比特流串长度较短、数量较多带来的压缩率损失问题,从而提升了嵌入率。Objective The technology of reversible data hiding in encrypted images(RDHEI)aims to embed secret information into encrypted images,ensuring that the secret information and the original image can be extracted and restored without loss.This technology is gaining increasing attention from researchers and is widely applied in cloud services to protect users’privacy.Currently,RDHEI can be mainly divided into two categories:the VRAE(vacating room after encryption)algorithm and the RRBE(reserving room before encryption)algorithm,based on the order of image encryption and room operation.The VRAE algorithm vacates space by compressing the pixels of the encrypted image.This compression yields only a limited amount of space due to the high information entropy of the encrypted image.In contrast,the RRBE algorithm primarily compresses the image using pixel correlation before encrypting it.The original image has lower information entropy;thus,more space can be reserved before encryption.This paper proposes a new RDHEI scheme based on bit-plane compression containing opposite bits and leverages the correlation between the encoding information delivery efficiency and adjacent pixels to improve the performance of reversible data hiding in encrypted images.Method First,bitplane rearrangement and pixel prediction methods are adopted to ensure the utilization of the correlation between adjacent pixels.The image owner initially divides the original image into several equally sized blocks and calculates the prediction errors of the original image pixels.Afterward,the eight bit-planes of the processed image are rearranged.In the phase of bit-plane compression,a combined encoding method containing the opposite bit is introduced.Specifically,based on the threshold length,the image bitstream is divided into continuous and discontinuous streams for compression.After compressing a continuous bitstream string,the next opposite digit at the end of the string is include;that is,each long compressed bitstream adds an opposite digit.According

关 键 词：密文图像可逆信息隐藏(RDHEI) 隐含异位压缩 联合编码 预测误差 位平面 嵌入率(ER) 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]