十九世纪下半叶体质人类学摄影:影像人类学的先声  

Photography in Late Nineteenth-Century Physical Anthropology:A Forerunner to Visual Anthropology

作　　者：李晋 张馨宇 Li Jin;Zhang Xinyu

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院,福建省厦门市361005

出　　处：《民族研究》2025年第1期58-69,M0004,共13页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：厦门大学课程思政教学研究项目“厦门大学人类学传统下的民族团结进步教育研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：十九世纪下半叶展开的体质人类学摄影是影像人类学的早期阶段。随着十九世纪三十到四十年代相机的发明,体质人类学很快把摄影当作收集和研究人类种族特征的重要工具。通过当时流行的进化论,体质人类学摄影推动人类学以极其类型化的方式形成对种族的认知。相关领域的创新不但见证着早期人类学如何完善自己的资料收集方法和标准化程度,而且见证着这门学科如何帮助资本主义上升期的欧洲人形成对自我和他者的感知。影像人类学关心的表征与现实之间的互构,在体质人类学摄影领域有极为特殊的体现。In the second half of the nineteenth century,physical anthropology's extensive use of photography marked a pivotal early stage in the emergence of visual anthropology.Following the invention of the camera in the 1830s and 1840s,physical anthropologists swiftly adopted this technology,establishing it as an essential tool for documenting and analyzing human diversity.Rooted in the dominant theory of evolution,photography reinforced anthropological understandings of racial categories in rigidly typological terms.These advancements standardized data collection methods in anthropology and highlighted the discipline's role in shaping European perceptions of self and others during the rise of capitalism.The enduring focus of visual anthropology on representation and reality finds a distinct and historically significant expression in this early application of photography.

关 键 词：体质人类学摄影 影像人类学 人体测量学 种族 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]