边境口岸外来人口的集聚及其效应:基于西藏日喀则吉隆镇的考察  

The Agglomeration of Migrant Populations at Border Ports and Its Effects:A Study of Jilong Town,Rikaze,Xizang

作　　者：刘诗谣 Liu Shiyao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所西藏研究室,北京市100101

出　　处：《民族研究》2025年第1期70-88,M0004,M0005,共21页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划资助重点学科“中国边疆安全学”(DF2023ZD06);中国社会科学院“青启计划”项目“对口援藏政策下的族际互动研究”(2025QQJH41)的阶段性研究成果;。

摘　　要：基于中尼边境吉隆镇的田野考察,本文旨在呈现边境口岸外来人口的集聚过程及其复杂样态,审视外来人口对迁入地的多重社会影响。研究发现,吉隆口岸开放开发产生的大量发展机会吸引了跨省份的国内流动人口与跨国界的尼泊尔流动人口的共同汇聚。国内流动人口以从事个体经营活动为主,其经营活动具有显著的兼营性和同乡集聚特征,并且其经营活动在亲属关系网络内逐渐延展。尼泊尔流动人口以务工活动为主,流动方式上大多依赖亲属关系网络的帮带,其务工活动具有较大的流动性。外来人口从经济发展活力提升与经济发展韧性强化、社会关系网络的丰富与社会交往秩序的扩展、多元文化的交流互鉴与思想观念更新三个方面赋予了边境小镇多重发展动能。其经验也提示我们,边境地区推进中国式现代化的过程中可以考虑将适度吸引和支持外来人口作为一种经济发展思路和一种新的经济发展形式。Based on field research in Jilong Town,a border town in China adjacent to Nepal,this article explores the agglomeration process and complex patterns of the migrant populations at the border port,as well as the multiple social impacts of the migrant populations on the destination area.The study finds that the opening and development of Jilong Port have attracted a large number of domestic migrants from other provinces and Nepalese migrants across the border.Domestic migrants primarily engage in individual business activities,characterized by concurrent operations and clustering of people from the same hometown,with business networks gradually expanding within kinship ties;while Nepalese migrants are mainly involved in labor activities,often relying on kinship networks to facilitate migration,and their labor activities are highly mobile.The migrant populations have brought multiple development benefits to the border twon,including:enhancing economic vitality and resilience,enriching social networks and expanding social interactions,and promoting cultural exchange,mutual learning,and ideological renewal.The findings suggest that,in the context of advancing China's path to modernization in border areas,attracting and supporting a moderate number of migrants could be considered an effective economic development strategy and a new approach to growth.

关 键 词：外来人口 人口集聚 人口流动 边境口岸 吉隆镇 

分 类 号：F12[经济管理—世界经济]