聚丙烯酰胺基三维水凝胶铀吸附剂的研究进展  

Progress on Polyacrylamide-based Three-dimensional Hydrogel Uranium Adsorbents

作　　者：田波 孙元杰 周娜 李文泽 李金凤 高娃 Tian Bo;Sun Yuanjie;Zhou Na;Li Wenze;Li Jinfeng;Gao Wa(Heilongjiang Institute of Atomic Energy,Harbin 150081,China;Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省原子能研究院,哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨工程大学,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《黑龙江科学》2025年第6期32-36,42,共6页Heilongjiang Science

基　　金：黑龙江省科学院院长基金(YZ2023YZNY02);黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA23A912);黑龙江省科学院能力提升专项(YSTS2025YZN01)。

摘　　要：核燃料循环中会产生大量的含铀废水,铀具有化学毒性和放射性毒性,会污染环境。但铀是核反应的燃料,海水中也含有大量的铀资源,将其回收提高利用率对核能可持续发展和环境保护具有重要意义。传统粉末状铀吸附材料中铀与吸附剂之间难以分离且吸附剂回收困难,循环利用性能较差。将吸附剂制成三维网状结构,增加与铀的接触几率,易分离和回收,可增加循环利用次数。聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶具有三维网状结构,其原料来源广泛,制备工艺简单,价格低廉,常作为基体材料应用于铀吸附领域。概述了化学引发、辐射引发、掺杂复合等制备的聚丙烯酰胺基三维网状水凝胶及吸附铀的性能与吸附机制,对该领域的未来发展方向进行了展望。A large amount of uranium-containing wastewater is generated in the nuclear fuel cycle,which is chemically and radio-toxically toxic and can pollute the environment.However,uranium is the fuel for nuclear reactions,and seawater contains a large amount of uranium resources.So recycling and improving the utilisation rate of uranium is of great significance to the sustainable development of nuclear energy and environmental protection.Traditional powdered uranium adsorbent materials are difficult to separate and recover.Making the adsorbent into a three-dimensional structure can increase the chance of contacting with uranium,and at the same time,it is easy to be separated and recovered.Polyacrylamide hydrogel has a three-dimension structure,in which the preparation process is simple and inexpensive,and its raw material source is widely available.Therefore,it is often used as a matrix material in the field of uranium adsorption.This study outlines the performance and adsorption mechanism of polyacrylamide-based three-dimensional hydrogels prepared by chemical initiation,radiation initiation,and doping composite,etc.,and looks forward to the future development direction of this field.

关 键 词：聚丙烯酰胺 水凝胶 铀吸附 化学引发 辐射法 

分 类 号：TL13[核科学技术—核能科学]