去声构词在上古汉语语法体系中的地位  

The Position of the Qusheng(去声)Derivations in the Grammatical System of Old Chinese

作　　者：大西克也[1] ONISHI Katsuya

机构地区：[1]东京大学人文社会系研究科,东京1130033

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2025年第1期3-18,共16页Essays on Linguistics

摘　　要：音变构词的语言性质是什么?它是一种词汇现象还是一种语法现象?目前有不少学者经常从语法或构形学的角度去讨论音变构词,涉及名词化、动词化、动词施受方向的改变、使役化、被动化、完成体等。这些范畴都是上古汉语语法系统中的重要课题,因此,从语法学的角度重新审视音变构词的性质很有必要。本文在上古汉语语法系统的基础上入手,重新检讨去声构词中的名词化和外向动词化问题,得出如下结论:(1)上古汉语去声构词没有名词化功能;(2)外向动词化不是去声词尾具有的形态功能,其中的语义变化来源于双宾句式的使役功能;(3)去声构词体现语义变化,新的语义固定下来后才会产生去声变读。What is the linguistic nature of phonological derivations in Old Chinese?Is it a lexical or a grammatical phenomenon?Scholars have discussed these derivations from grammatical or morphological perspectives,addressing issues such as nominalization,verbalization,changes in the direction of actions,causatives,passives,perfect aspects,and so on.These categories are signifi cant topics within the grammatical system of Old Chinese,making it essential to re-examine the nature of phonological derivations from a grammatical perspective.This article reviews the issues of nominalization and exoactive/outer-directed verbalization in the Qusheng(去声)derivations on the basis of the grammatical system of Old Chinese,concluding that(1)the Qusheng(去声)derivations have no nominalizing function in Old Chinese;(2)exoactive verbalization is not a morphological function of the Qusheng(去声)endings,and the source of their semantic change derives from the causative function of double object constructions;(3)the Qusheng(去声)derivations refl ect semantic change,with new meanings being established before tonal changes occur.

关 键 词：去声构词 上古汉语 名词化 外向动词化 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]