上古汉语“或”的句法语义属性探析  

On the Syntactic and Semantic Properties of Huo(或)in Old Chinese

作　　者：任荷 REN He

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2025年第1期19-32,共14页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“语义–语用接口视角下上古汉语功能词的逻辑语义及相关问题研究”(23CYY017)的资助。

摘　　要：文章基于对上古汉语语料中“或”的用例的全面考察与分析,重新辨析了传统上被称为不定代词的“或”的句法语义属性;采用多项证据系统论证了“或”既不是相当于英语“someone/something”的名词性不定代词,也不是与“皆/尽”等词同性质的量化副词,而是融合了一个“存在”义动词成分和一个不定指代名词成分的复杂动词。“或”的复杂性质与其历史来源密切相关。文章最后指出,古今汉语在存在量化表达策略上具有显著共性,即主要利用谓词或谓词性短语来表达。Based on comprehensive examination of all instances of Huo(或)in Old Chinese texts,this paper reanalyzes the syntactic and semantic properties of Huo(或),which has traditionally been referred to as an indefinite pronoun.This paper presents evidence to support the argument that Huo(或)is not a pronoun equivalent to someone/something in English,nor is it a quantificational adverb like Jie(皆)and Jin(尽)in Old Chinese.Rather,it is a complex verb that combines the verb morpheme You(有)meaning“to have”with an indefinite pronoun morpheme.The complex nature of Huo(或)is closely related to its historical origin.This paper concludes by noting that the expressive strategy of existential quantification in Chinese has remained largely consistent from ancient times to the present,with a predicate or a predicative phrase serving as the main means of expression.

关 键 词：上古汉语“或” 复杂动词 称代功能 历史来 源 存在量化 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]