从汉韩语言接触看“打”字韩语汉字音的成因  

The Causes of Sino-Korean Pronunciation thɑ of Chinese Da(打) from the Perspective of Language Contact

作　　者：王浩 严翼相[2] WANG Hao;EOM Ik-sang

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学,自贡643000 [2]韩国汉阳大学,首尔04763

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2025年第1期118-124,共7页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：自贡市社会科学界联合会国际中文教育专项“域外汉字教科书在国际中文教育中的作用研究—以朝鲜时代〈儿学编〉为例”(2022)的资助。

摘　　要：“打”字,在《广韵》中有两个读音“德冷切”和“都挺切”。两个读音均为不送气声母,有鼻音韵尾,但是在现代韩语汉字音中,“打”只读[thɑ],为送气声母,韵尾消失。本文从历史语言学和语言接触的角度出发,讨论“打”在现代韩语汉字音中[thɑ]读音的形成轨迹,认为在内部因素和外部因素的双重影响下,“打”从统一新罗时代(7—10世纪)的“德冷切”[t■■]和“都挺切”[tie■],分别演变为中世韩语汉字音中的[tɑ]和[ti■k]两种读音,而[tɑ]进一步受韩语固有词[thi]的影响演变出了[thɑ]读音。由于[thɑ]在朝鲜时代已经占有优势,使得[thɑ]读音在与[ti■k]读音的竞争中,最终取得了胜利,形成了“打”字的现代韩语汉字音[thɑ]。It is indicated by the Fanqie of the Guang Yun(《广韵》) Deleng qie(德冷切) and Duting qie(都挺切) that the character Da(打) originally had an unaspirated alveolar stop onset with a velar nasal coda.While the nasal coda was deleted, the onset remains unchanged in Modern Mandarin. However, in Modern SinoKorean, said character is pronounced as [thɑ] with aspiration. This article, from the perspective of comparative linguistics and language contact, examines the formation process of [thɑ] in Sino-Korean. Taking internal and external factors into account, it argues that during the Unified Silla Dynasty, the character Da(打) had two pronunciations: [tɑ], derived from Deleng qie(德冷切), and [ti■k], from Duting qie(都挺切). The pronunciation of [tɑ] further evolved to [thɑ] during the Middle Sino-Korean period, infl uenced internally from the indigenous Korean verb “thi(-tɑ)”, meaning to hit. Said pronunciation triumphed over [ti■k] in the late Joseon Dynasty and prevails ultimately in Modern Sino-Korean.

关 键 词：韩语汉字音 中古汉语 中世韩语 打[thɑ]成因 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语] H136H55