列宁在《论粮食税》中对几种错误认识的批驳及其意义  

Lenin’s Refutation of Several Misconceptions in On the Grain Tax and Its Significance

作　　者：徐芹 Xu Qin

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2025年第1期15-25,共11页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“‘非资本主义道路’理论的三种形态及其比较研究”(22MLA003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄共(布)第十次代表大会开启了苏俄社会主义建设的新经济政策时期。然而,由于对马克思主义理论和苏俄现实的经济政治状况缺乏深入认识,一些苏维埃人在粮食税、贸易自由、国家资本主义等几个主要问题上产生了误解。为澄清错误认识,帮助苏维埃人准确领会和科学落实新经济政策,列宁在《论粮食税》中深入分析和批驳了关于新经济政策把农民提到第一位等于“放弃”无产阶级专政的错误认识、关于贸易自由意味着从共产主义过渡到资产阶级制度的错误认识以及脱离苏俄实际抽象地谈论“资本主义是祸害”的错误做法。通过这些论辩,列宁不仅完成了对新经济政策的理论建构,还实现了对新经济政策的深度宣传。The 10th Congress of the R.C.P.(Bolsheviks)opened the period of the New Economic Policy of socialist construction in Soviet Russia.However,due to a lack of in-depth understanding of Marxist theory and the current economic and political situation of Soviet Russia,some Soviets had misconceptions on several major issues such as the grain tax,trade freedom,and state capitalism.In order to clarify those misconceptions and help Soviets accurately understand and scientifically implement the New Economic Policy,Lenin deeply analyzed and refuted the erroneous understanding about the grain tax putting the peasantry in the forefront being“renunciation”of the dictatorship of the proletariat,the trade freedom meaning Soviet Russia going backwards from communism to the bourgeois system,and abstractly discussing“capitalism is a bane”divorcing from the reality of Soviet Russia.Through refutation,Lenin not only completed the theoretical construction of the New Economic Policy,but also achieved in-depth propaganda of the New Economic Policy.

关 键 词：论粮食税 新经济政策 国家资本主义 社会主义 

分 类 号：A82[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]