重新理解马克思“三形态论”与“五形态论”的关系  

Reexamining the Relationship Between Karl Marx’s Three-Forms Theory and Five-Forms Theory

作　　者：邹诗鹏[1] Zou Shipeng

机构地区：[1]复旦大学当代国外马克思主义研究中心暨哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2025年第1期36-46,共11页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义与中华文明的内在渊源及其现代转化”(20&ZD006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于唯物史观与科学社会主义的三形态论与五形态论,在本质上是统一的和同构的。但学界一度也存在过以“三形态论”替代“五形态论”的趋势。三形态论是马克思在五形态论基础上提出来的,是基于人的发展而对五形态论的概括。但五形态论不能完全化约为三形态论。三形态论在理论原则上从属于五形态论。五形态论立足于物质生产活动、社会形态以及社会关系结构,本身就包含着人的发展之具体样态,并对三形态论有着社会政治规范及批判意义。五形态论与三形态论都集中于对现存社会即资产阶级社会及其个人主体的批判分析,包含着政治经济学批判与哲学人类学的辩证统一。引入三形态论,有益于建构五形态论与人的发展的内在关联,也有益于超越欧洲中心主义,深入理解马克思的世界历史时代与东方社会思想,并把握东方社会及其国家民族的主体性。There has been a tendency to replace the Five-Forms Theory with the Three-Forms Theory.However,the Three-Forms Theory and the Five-Forms theory,grounded in historical materialism and scientific socialism,are essentially unified and isomorphic.The Three-Forms Theory was proposed by Karl Marx on the basis of the Five-Forms Theory and serves as a generalization of the latter from the perspective of human development.Nonetheless,the Five-Forms Theory cannot be fully reduced to the Three-Forms Theory,as the latter remains theoretically subordinate to the former.Rooted in activities of material life,social formations,and the structures of social relations,the Five-Forms Theory inherently encompasses the concrete modes of human development,while providing normative and critical significance to the Three-Forms Theory in social and political terms.Both theories converge on a critical analysis of contemporary bourgeois society and its individual subjects,integrating political economy critique with philosophical anthropology.The introduction of the Three-Forms Theory facilitates a deeper understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the Five-Forms Theory and human development.It helps transcend Eurocentrism,and aids in comprehending Marx’s conception of the worldhistorical epoch,his thought on Eastern societies,and the subjectivity of Eastern nation-states.

关 键 词：三形态论 五形态论 社会关系结构 人的发展 世界历史时代 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]