老年压疮患者临床特征及其相关危险因素分析  

Clinical characteristics and related risk factors analysis of elderly patients with pressure ulcers

作　　者：宁静 孙艳杰 王珊珊 李涵相 邢志杰 胡丹华 Ning Jing;Sun Yanjie;Wang Shanshan;Li Hanxiang;Xing Zhijie;Hu Danhua(Center of Gerontology,Zhengzhou Nin People's Hospital,Zhengzhou 450053,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州市第九人民医院,河南郑州450053

出　　处：《辽宁医学杂志》2025年第1期42-46,共5页Medical Journal of Liaoning

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(LHGJ20220854)。

摘　　要：目的探讨老年压疮患者临床特征及其相关危险因素。方法本次回顾性分析的研究对象均选自于本院住院治疗的90例老年压疮患者并记为压疮组,选择同期于本院住院治疗的150例未发生压疮的老年患者作为对照组。统计两组患者的一般资料、临床特征、病情指标以及采取的压疮预防措施,采用同期对照研究分析可能相关的危险因素,将可能影响老年患者发生压疮的因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果压疮组平均年龄高于对照组(P<0.05);在饮食情况的比较中,压疮组和对照组具有明显差异(P<0.05)。本次研究90例压疮患者的临床分期中,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期分别为37例(41.11%)、49例(54.44%)、2例(2.22%)、2例(2.22%),以Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期最多。90例压疮患者的发生部位统计中,以骶尾部最多,共39例(43.33%),其次为肩胛部、臀部、髋部,分别有13例(14.44%)、12例(13.33%)、10例(11.11%)。临床症状及体征的比较中,压疮组水肿、感染、大便失禁、尿失禁症状发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。病情指标的比较中,压疮组收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压低于对照组(P<0.05),压疮组清蛋白水平低于对照组(P<0.05),压疮组患者PaCO_(2)水平低于对照组(P<0.05),压疮组患有压疮史的比例高于对照组(P<0.05),压疮组应用预防敷贴的比例低于对照组(P<0.05)。年龄、大便失禁、舒张压、清蛋白水平和应用预防敷贴是老年患者发生压疮的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年压疮患者以早期为主,高发于骶尾部、肩胛部、臀部、髋部,常见水肿、感染、大便失禁、尿失禁等症状,年龄越大、大便失禁症状、舒张压越低、清蛋白水平越低以及不应用预防敷贴则老年患者发生压疮的风险越高。Objective Explore the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of elderly patients with pressure ulcers.Methods The research subjects for this retrospective analysis were all selected from 90 elderly patients with pressure ulcers who were hospitalized in our hospital and recorded as the pressure ulcer group.150 elderly patients who did not develop pressure ulcers during the same period of hospitalization in our hospital were selected as the control group.Collect general information,clinical characteristics,disease indicators,and preventive measures for pressure ulcers from two groups of patients,and analyze possible related risk factors using a concurrent controlled study.Use logistic regression analysis to identify factors that may affect the occurrence of pressure ulcers in elderly patients.Results In the comparison of age,the average age of patients in the pressure ulcer group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);In the comparison of dietary conditions,there was a significant difference(P<0.05);Between the pressure ulcer group and the control group.In the clinical staging of 90 patients with pressure ulcers in this study,there were 37 cases(41.11%),49 cases(54.44%),2 cases(2.22%),and 2 cases(2.22%)in stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ,respectively,with stageⅠandⅡbeing the most common.Among the 90 patients with pressure ulcers,the sacrococcygeal region was the most common site,with a total of 39 cases(43.33%),followed by the scapula,buttocks,and hips,with 13 cases(14.44%),12 cases(13.33%),and 10 cases(11.11%),respectively.In the comparison of clinical symptoms and signs,the incidence of edema,infection,fecal incontinence,and urinary incontinence symptoms in the pressure ulcer group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In the comparison of disease indicators,the systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and mean arterial pressure of patients in the pressure ulcer group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),the albumin level of patients in the pressure ulcer group

关 键 词：老年患者 压疮 临床特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]