经典名方牡蛎散古代文献分析与考证  

Textual Research on Classical Formula Mulisan

作　　者：胡东森 张向阳 解粲然 施嘉伟 王紫怡 周卓妍 张林[2] 陈晔欣 HU Dongsen;ZHANG Xiangyang;XIE Canran;SHI Jiawei;WANG Ziyi;ZHOU Zhuoyan;ZHANG Lin;CHEN Yexin(Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100700,China;Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学东直门医院,北京100700 [2]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2025年第7期191-200,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82073996);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中国民族医药学会科研项目(2023ZY182-07);北京中医药大学中医学院任应秋“階墀”基金研究专项(2023-RYQJC-017)。

摘　　要：牡蛎散是国家中医药管理局发布的《古代经典名方目录(第二批)—汉族医药》93首中的第45首,由牡蛎、黄芪、麻黄根、小麦4味药物组成,具有益气止汗的功效,是中医临床治疗常用方剂之一。该研究通过采用溯源法、对比分析法和文献计量学方法,对经典名方牡蛎散的历史沿革、药物组成、药物剂量、药物基原与炮制、煎服法、功效主治及现代临床运用等方面进行考证分析。结果表明,牡蛎散的方名最早见于西晋王叔和所著《脉经》,组方思路可追溯至唐代《备急千金要方》,其组成、剂量及功效主治则首载于南宋《三因极一病证方论》;在药物基原与炮制上,牡蛎应为牡蛎科动物近江牡蛎Ostrea rivularis的贝壳,煅后使用;黄芪应为豆科植物蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus的干燥根,生品入药;麻黄根当为草麻黄Ephedra sinica的干燥根,生品入药;小麦为禾本科植物小麦Triticum aestivum的干燥成熟果实,可生品入药,但使用炒制后的轻浮瘪瘦颖果浮小麦效果更佳。药物组成及剂量为牡蛎8.26 g、麻黄根8.26 g、黄芪8.26 g、小麦7.92 g,研为粗末,加水450 mL煎至240 mL,温服。现代临床上,牡蛎散主治病证广泛,包括阳虚或气虚所致自汗、盗汗,其临床疾病谱涉及内分泌系统疾病、神经系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病和癌症等,在中医内科疾病的治疗中发挥着巨大作用,以期为牡蛎散的后续研发及临床治疗提供科学依据。The classic formula Mulisan is the 45th of the 93 formulas in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Formulas(second batch)of Han medicine published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine.It consists of Ostreae Concha,Astragali Radix,Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma,and wheat,with the effect of replenishing qi and stopping sweating.It is a common formula in the clinical treatment with traditional Chinese medicine.This study analyzes the historical evolution,composition,dosage,original plants and their processing methods,decocting method,efficacy,indications,and modern clinical application of Mulisan by tracing,comparative analysis,and bibliometric methods.The results showed that Mulisan firstly appeared in the Pulse Classic written by WANG Shuhe in the Western Jin Dynasty.The formulation idea can be traced back to the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency in the Tang Dynasty.The herb composition,dosage,efficacy,and indications of Mulisan were first recorded in the Treatise on Diseases,Patterns,and formulas Related to Unification of the Three Etiologies in the Southern Song dynasty.In terms of original plants and their processing methods,Ostreae Concha is the shell of Ostrea rivularis,which should be calcined before use.Astragali Radix and Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and Ephedra sinica,respectively,the raw material of which should be used.Wheat is the dried mature fruit of T.aestivum,which can be used without processing,while the stir-fried fruit,being thin and deflated,demonstrates better effect.The composition of Mulisan is Ostreae Concha 8.26 g,Astragali Radix 8.26 g,Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma 8.26 g,and wheat 7.92 g.The medicinal materials should be ground into coarse powder and decocted with 450 mL water to reach a volume of 240 mL,and the decoction should be taken warm.In modern clinical practice,Mulisan has a wide range of indications,including spontaneous sweating and night sweating caused by Yang deficiency or Qi

关 键 词：经典名方 牡蛎散 关键信息 现代应用 文献研究 

分 类 号：G254[文化科学—图书馆学] R289[医药卫生—方剂学] R287[医药卫生—中药学]