基于政策工具的突发公共卫生事件下药品保障政策文本分析  

Text Analysis of Drug Security Policies under Public Health Emergencies Based on Policy Tools

作　　者：兰小梦 蒋瀚鸿 聂曼玲 张引颖 潘杰 Lan Xiaomeng(West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院HEOA团队,四川成都610041 [2]四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心 [3]四川大学华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2025年第1期63-68,共6页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“地区间医疗费用差异的成因分析及应对策略研究”(72374149)。

摘　　要：目的:对突发公共卫生事件下的药品供应保障机制的相关政策文本进行分析,探索现有政策特点及潜在的不足和问题,并提出政策优化建议。方法:检索2003年以来全国发布的突发公共卫生事件及新冠疫情下药品保障相关的政策文件,构建“政策工具—互动主体—政策落点”三维政策分析框架对其进行量化分析。结果:本研究纳入17份突发公共卫生事件下药品保障相关政策文件,政策工具维度中,供给型政策工具占比最多,为40.32%;需求型政策工具占比最少,为24.19%。互动主体维度中,政府出现频次最高,占48.84%;与患者相关的政策条目最少,占13.95%。政策落点维度中,研发生产和储备运输相关的政策较多,分别占30.00%和28.57%;而合理使用和筹资支付相关的政策相对较少,仅占21.43%和20.00%。结论:有效利用需求型政策工具,通过市场激励机制促进医药企业的创新和发展,同时加强对药品价格和市场需求的动态监测;加强各互动主体之间的沟通与协作;加强对药品合理使用的监管和宣传教育,构建更加完善的药品供应链管理系统。Objective To analyze the policy texts related to the drug supply security mechanism under public health emergencies,explore their characteristics and potential shortcomings of existing policies,and propose suggestions for policy optimization.Methods Policy documents related to drug security during public health emergencies and the COVID-19 pandemic,published nationally since 2003,were retrieved.A three-dimensional policy analysis framework of“Policy Tools-Interactive Subjects-Policy Focal Points”was constructed for quantitative analysis.Results 17 policy documents related to drug security during public health emergencies were included.In terms of policy tools,supply-based policy tools accounted for the largest proportion,while the demand-based policy tools accounted for the smallest proportion.In terms of interacting entities,the government appeared most frequently,while patients were the fewest.In terms of policy focal points dimension,there were more policies related to research and production,as well as stockpiling and transportation,while policies related to rational use and financing and payment were relatively fewer.Conclusion It is suggested to effectively utilize the demand-type policy tools,promote the innovation and development of pharmaceutical enterprises through market incentive mechanisms,strengthen dynamic monitoring of drug prices and market demand,improve the communication and collaboration among various interactive subjects,intensify the regulation and public education on the rational use of drugs,and build a more comprehensive drug supply chain management system.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 保障机制 政策工具 文本量化分析 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]