监察机关调查公民通信的宪法界限  

Constitutional Limits of Supervisory Organs in Investigating Citizens'Communications

作　　者：屠振宇 Tu Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院 [2]中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2025年第1期121-128,共8页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“通信立法的合宪性控制研究”(24AFX004)。

摘　　要：宪法通信权条款前后句的“双层构造”将国家权力对于公民通信权的干预界分为两个区间,即受特别宪法保护的不得擅入领域和受一般宪法保护的合理限制领域。以此为标准,监察机关调查公民通信的措施可作进一步的类型化分析。对于正在进行中的通信,监察机关认为需要采取扣留措施的,应遵循特别宪法保护的要求,商请公安机关或检察机关予以协助后展开;监察机关认为需要采取技术调查措施的,可参照特别宪法保护的要求审查确定其宪法界限。对于已完成的通信,监察机关应优先采取非强制性措施向当事人或电信企业和互联网公司等第三方主体调取,当事人和第三方主体在合理范围内承担协助或配合义务;当需要逾越这一界限时,相应的调查措施应转换为扣押等强制性措施。The“double-layer construction”of the constitutional provision on the right to communication divides the interference of state power in citizens'right to communication into two zones,i.e.,the area of no trespassing protected by the special constitution and the area of reasonable restriction protected by the general constitution.Using this criterion,the measures taken by supervisory authorities to investigate citizens'communications can be further typified.For communications in progress,where the supervisory authorities consider it necessary to take measures to detain them,they should follow the requirements of special constitutional protection and consult with the public security or procuratorate authorities for assistance in execution;where the supervisory authorities consider it necessary to take technical investigative measures,they may examine and determine their constitutional boundaries in the light of the requirements of special constitutional protection.For completed communications,the supervisory organs shall prioritize the adoption of non-compulsory measures to retrieve them from the parties concerned or from third-party subjects such as telecommunication and Internet service providers,and the parties concerned and the third-party subjects shall fulfill the obligation to assist or cooperate within a reasonable range;when it is necessary to exceed this limit,the corresponding investigative measures shall be converted into compulsory measures such as seizure.

关 键 词：通信权 宪法界限 监察调查权 调查措施 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]