老年人心电图分布特征及影响因素探究  

Characteristics distribution and influencing factors of electrocardiogram in the elderly people

作　　者：林燕燕 叶海燕 韦柳相 吕渊[3] 苏华斌 张迪 何香花[3] 胡才友[3] 倪晓琳 LIN Yanyan;YE Haiyan;WEI Liuxiang;LYU Yuan;SU Huabin;ZHANG Di;HE Xianghua;HU Caiyou;NI Xiaolin(Dongge Community Health Service Center,Qingxiu District,Nanning,530023;The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530005;Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530021;Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(School of Basic Medicine,Peking Union Medical College),Beijingg100005,China)

机构地区：[1]广西南宁市青秀区东葛社区卫生服务中心,530023 [2]广西医科大学第二附属医院,530005 [3]广西壮族自治区江滨医院,530021 [4]中国医学科学院基础医学研究所、北京协和医学院基础学院,100005

出　　处：《中国老年保健医学》2025年第1期45-54,共10页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Care

基　　金：南宁市青秀区重点研发计划(编号:2023ZC002);广西科技基地和人才专项(编号:桂科AD20238075);国家自然科学基金(编号:82260289);中国人口福利基金会项目(编号:GJB-6-20211021-535_0);广西自然科学基金(编号:2023GXNSFAA026153)。

摘　　要：目的了解老年人心电图类型的分布特征及其影响因素,为老年人心血管疾病的针对性预防和治疗提供依据。方法收集广西壮族自治区南宁市东葛社区65岁以上老年人的体检资料(3638例),根据心电图检查结果将受检者分为心电图正常组和心电图异常组,并对心电图异常的影响因素进行分析。结果本研究最终纳入的2791例研究对象年龄范围为65.0~95.8岁,其中男性1079(38.7%)例,女性1712(61.3%)例。心电图异常总检出率为60.5%,女性中为58.8%,男性中为63.3%。男性(P=0.045)、腹型肥胖(P=0.004)、每天锻炼(P=0.011)、血清肌酐(SCr)异常(P=0.031)均是老年人发生心电图异常的危险因素。在对性别进行分层后发现,存在腹型肥胖、BUN异常的老年女性发生心电图异常的风险增高(P<0.05);年龄越高、存在SCr异常的老年男性发生心电图异常的风险也增高(P<0.05)。结论老年人群中,心电图异常的总检出率为60.5%,T波改变是最常见的异常心电图类型。男性、腹型肥胖、每天锻炼、血清肌酐异常均是发生心电图异常的危险因素。其中,腹型肥胖和血尿素氮异常是老年女性更易出现心电图异常的影响因素;年龄和血清肌酐异常是老年男性更易出现心电图异常的影响因素。Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ECG abnormality and provide reference for the targeted prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly people.Methods The physical examination data(3638 cases)of the elderly over 65 years old in Dongge Community,Nanning City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were collected.The date was divided into normal ECG group and abnormal ECG group according to the ECG examination results,and the influencing factors of ECG abnormality were analyzed.Results The age range of 2791 participants finally included in this study was 65.0~95.8 years,of which 1079(38.7%)were males and 1712(61.3%)were females.The overall detection rate of ECG abnormality was 60.5%,58.8%among women and 63.3%among men.Men(P=0.045),abdominal obesity(P=0.004),daily exercise(P=0.011),and serum creatinine(SCr)(P=0.031)were the risk factors for ECG abnormalities in the elderly people.After stratifying by gender,it was found that elderly women with abdominal obesity and abnormal BUN had an increased risk of ECG abnormalities(P<0.05);elderly men with higher age and abnormal SCr also had an increased risk of ECG abnormalities(P<0.05).Conclusion The overall detection rate of ECG abnormalities in the elderly people was 60.5%,with T-wave changes being the most common type of ECG abnormalities.Men,abdominal obesity,daily exercise,and abnormal SCr were all risk factors for ECG abnormalities.Abdominal obesity and abnormal BUN were the factors influencing older women to be more likely to develop ECG abnormalities;age and abnormal SCr were the factors influencing older men to be more likely to develop ECG abnormalities.

关 键 词：老年人 心电图异常 分布特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：R540.41[医药卫生—心血管疾病]