老年吞咽障碍和口腔衰弱的相关性研究  

Correlation study of swallowing disorders and oral weakness in the elderly

作　　者：李苏婷 刘天云 计全月 赵紫琪 韩玉欣 LI Suting;LIU Tianyun;JI Quanyue;ZHAO Ziqi;HAN Yuxin(Yunan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500;Department of Nursing,The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming 65001l,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学护理学院,650500 [2]云南省第三人民医院护理部,650011

出　　处：《中国老年保健医学》2025年第1期114-118,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatric Care

摘　　要：吞咽障碍和口腔衰弱都是老年群体常见的病理状况。吞咽障碍会导致食团或残渣滞留在口咽部影响唾液管理,导致患者出现口腔衰弱。口腔衰弱和吞咽障碍可相互作用和影响加速疾病进程,导致患者出现营养不良、肌少症等不良结局,增加机体功能障碍,跌倒、失能和死亡等风险。本文回顾了目前临床应用的吞咽障碍和口腔衰弱的主要评价工具,发现两者可使用同一评价工具进行评估;归纳了吞咽障碍和口腔衰弱与老年肌少症、认知障碍、脑卒中等疾病的相关性及影响因素,发现两者具有相同的共病因素,可互相作用加速疾病进程,影响疾病的预后和转归。本研究认为医疗机构对老年住院患者进行口腔衰弱和吞咽障碍的预防筛查十分有必要,为有效预防和控制不良结局的发生,今后还应大力开展医疗、护理、口腔的多学科合作主题研究工作。Both swallowing disorders and oral weakness are common pathological conditions in the elderly population.Swallowing disorders can lead to food mass retention in the oropharynx,food residue residue and poor saliva management,further leading to oral weakness.Oral weakness and swallowing disorders can interact and influence,accelerate the disease process,leading to adverse outcomes such as malnutrition and sarcopenia,increase the risk of body dysfunction,fall,disability and death,and cause a heavy burden to China's medical system and society.This paper reviews the main evaluation tools of swallowing disorder and oral weakness,and found that they can be evaluated by the same evaluation and oral weakness with sarcopenia,cognitive impairment,stroke and other diseases,and found that they have the same comorbidity factors,which can interact to accelerate the disease process and affect the prognosis and outcome of the disease.This study believes that it is very necessary for medical institutions to screen oral weakness and swallowing disorders in elderly inpatients.In order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of adverse outcomes,the multidisciplinary cooperation of medical treatment,nursing and oral cavity to carry out clinical research.

关 键 词：老年 吞咽障碍 口腔衰弱 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]