建构死亡:脑死亡器官捐献中的死亡事实塑造  

Constructing Death: The Shaping of Death Facts in Organ Donation After Brain Death

作　　者：周帆 王蒲生 ZHOU Fan;WANG Pusheng(Institute of Digital Education,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing,100088;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518055)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院数字教育研究所,北京100088 [2]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2025年第2期90-99,共10页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：2018年教育部人文社科一般项目“多维视角下中国器官捐献的技术社会学研究”(项目编号:18YJA840011);深圳市哲学社会科学规划年度课题“粤港澳大湾区高水平人才高地建设研究”(项目编号:SZ2024A001)。

摘　　要：死亡的建构性在脑死亡提出后日益受到关注,而脑死亡与器官捐献的紧密结合更为死亡概念的建构创造了新的可能。本文基于对北京和广州两家医院的民族志研究,探究脑死亡器官捐献实践中异质性行动者如何观察、理解和塑造潜在捐献者的死亡事实,进而讨论死亡概念如何在技术与社会的互动中被重构以及由此产生哪些问题。研究发现,技术的深度介入和脑死亡立法的缺失带来了器官捐献实践中复杂的死亡事实塑造,死亡概念在行动者对死亡事实的塑造中得以重构,并呈现可操作和可商榷的特征;脑死亡与器官捐献的捆绑也将脑死亡临床应用推向了工具化。研究认为,加快脑死亡立法、统一法律和临床死亡概念是避免脑死亡过度工具化的有效途径。The constructivity of death has attracted increasing attention since the proposition of brain death,and the close combination of brain death and organ donation has created new possibilities for the reconstruction of death.Through an ethnographic study at two hospitals in Beijing and Guangzhou,this article explores how heterogeneous actors in organ donation after brain death observe,understand,and shape the death facts of potential donors,and discusses how the interactions between technology and society play a role in reconstructing death and what problems arise from them.The study illustrates that the deep involvement of technology and the absence of legislation for brain death bring about complex shaping of death facts in organ donation,through which the concept of death gets reconstructed and presents operable and negotiable characteristics,and that the bundling of brain death and organ donation also makes the clinical application of brain death instrumentalized.The study thus argues accelerating the legislation of brain death and unifying the concepts of legal and clinical death can be effective ways to avoid excessive instrumentalization of brain death.

关 键 词：死亡 死亡事实 脑死亡 器官捐献 建构 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] Q983.5[生物学—人类学]