煤矿井下采掘机械截割产尘机理研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanisms of dust generation during cutting by mining and tunneling machines in underground coal mines

作　　者：周文东 崔宴伟[1] 王和堂 任戈辉[1] 崔馨月 王昊 沈傲杰[1] ZHOU Wendong;CUI Yanwei;WANG Hetang;REN Gehui;CUI Xinyue;WANG Hao;SHEN Aojie(School of Emergency Management,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应急管理学院,南京210044 [2]中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室,徐州221116 [3]山东科技大学山东省矿山灾害预防控制重点实验室,青岛266590

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期414-432,共19页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(52322404);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2024-11044);山东科技大学山东省矿山灾害预防控制重点实验室开放课题基金项目(SMDPC202401)。

摘　　要：粉尘对煤矿井下作业环境造成重大危害,高浓度粉尘不仅增加了作业人员罹患尘肺病的风险,还会引起煤尘/瓦斯煤尘爆炸事故,严重影响煤矿企业生产安全。煤矿采掘工作面采掘机械截割煤岩作业是产生粉尘的主要源头,深入理解截割产尘机理是实现粉尘源头高效治理的关键。该文主要从截割产尘行为、研究方法和影响机制3方面综述了煤矿井下采掘机械截割产尘机理的研究进展。在截割产尘行为方面,总结了截割力理论计算模型和截割时煤岩体破碎产尘过程,并分析了煤岩体破碎产尘过程的能量转化机制;在研究方法方面,介绍了国内外学者通过自主搭建实验平台进行的物理实验和基于有限元或离散元方法的数值模拟软件在截割产尘研究中的应用;在影响机制方面,探讨了煤岩体性质和截割机械工况参数等内外因素对截割产尘的影响。该文针对当前采掘机械截割产尘机理研究存在的难点,提出了可能的研究方向。该文研究结果可为国内外学者研究煤矿粉尘治理技术提供参考。[Significance]Coal remains the most essential fossil energy source in China,with production from underground coal mines accounting for more than 80%.In underground coal mining operations,dust is a pervasive and hazardous material that can significantly compromise the safety and health of miners.High dust concentrations are associated with an increased incidence of pneumoconiosis and a heightened risk of catastrophic events,such as coal dust or gas explosions.The primary source of dust is the cutting processes of excavators and roadheaders during the extraction of coal and rock.Therefore,it is essential to comprehensively elucidate the mechanism of dust generation during cutting and heading operations for effective dust control in underground coal mines.[Progress]This paper presents an overview of the latest research developments in the field of dust generation,with a particular emphasis on three key areas:the behavior of dust generation during cutting,research methodology,and influencing mechanisms.First,regarding the behavior of dust generation during cutting by excavators and roadheaders,researchers have proposed several theoretical models to elucidate both the fragmentation processes of coal and rock bodies and the generation of dust under the influence of cutting.These models are based not only on the principle of energy conversion but also on the influence of the geometry of the cutting pick during the dust generation process.This provides a solid theoretical basis for understanding the physical nature of dust generation.Regarding the research tools employed,researchers have simulated the dust generation phenomena when mining machinery cuts coal and rock bodies through physical experiments conducted on self-designed experimental platforms.Researchers have also conducted numerical simulations using finite element or discrete element methods.These advanced experimental techniques elucidate the actual cutting conditions and offer a robust analytical tool for investigating the dust generation mechanism in depth.

关 键 词：煤矿地下开采 粉尘 采掘机械 产尘机理 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]