高层建筑地下室火灾烟气蔓延试验  

Fire smoke spread experiment in the basement of high-rise buildings

作　　者：吴乐 岳顺禹 程辉航 钟茂华[1] WU Le;YUE Shunyu;CHENG Huihang;ZHONG Maohua(School of Safety Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学安全科学学院,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期469-478,共10页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52374210);国家自然科学基金重大项目(72091512)。

摘　　要：该文为研究高层建筑地下空间火灾烟气蔓延规律,在某高层建筑地下室开展现场火灾试验,通过测量起火区域、临近房间、楼梯间水平方向和竖直方向的烟气温度,对地下空间烟气多区域蔓延特性进行分析。结果表明:在起火区域,房间内起火后烟气蓄积作用显著,而楼梯间及前室由于与多区域连通,大量烟气向邻近区域扩散,因此导致烟气蓄积作用降低,形成稳定的烟气分层;在起火区域邻近房间,起火初期烟气在相互连通的多区域蔓延,在空间受限程度较低的楼梯间前室烟气分层作用明显,蔓延至远距离房间的低温烟气与空气掺混较严重,下部空间烟气温度有明显升高趋势;在楼梯间内,烟气竖向蔓延较快,0.125 MW火灾场景下,烟气在300 s内可蔓延至4—5层区域,在楼梯间拐角处烟气层高度降至2.00 m,对人员疏散构成威胁。[Objective]In fires originating from the basement or ground floor of high-rise buildings,the path of toxic smoke often intersects with the escape routes of the building occupants.This especially poses a significant risk when the smoke spreads vertically at an accelerated pace,threatening escapees and emergency rescue personnel.This study uses comprehensive field experimental data to reflect the progression of a fire to its fullest extent.In addition,the patterns of smoke diffusion and sedimentation were studied by observing experimental phenomena.[Methods]A fire experiment was conducted on-site in the basement of a high-rise building.Four different fire scenarios were created at various locations:a room corner,the front room of the stairwell,and the stairwell leading from the basement to the ground floor.The horizontal and vertical smoke temperatures in the fire area,adjacent rooms,and stairwells were measured and dispersed in real time.In addition,fluctuations in the air velocity during the experiment were recorded.[Results]The results showed that in the fire area,there was a significant accumulation of smoke in the room after the fire.The smoke temperature maintained a relatively stable vertical gradient.However,the stairwell and its front room,which are connected to multiple areas,allowed a large amount of smoke to diffuse in neighboring zones,which resulted in reduced smoke accumulation and stable smoke stratification.Under experimental fire powers of 0.125 and 0.250 MW,the vertical temperature distribution in the fire area above a height of 3.50 m fluctuated significantly.Conversely,the smoke temperature below a height of 3.50 m remained consistent.In the room adjacent to the fire site,smoke initially spread across multiple interconnected areas.Despite this,smoke accumulation and settlement effects could still form further in the adjacent room and the stairwell's front room.In the stairwell's front room,which has a lower spatial limitation,smoke stratification was evident.Here,the spread of low-temperature s

关 键 词：高层建筑 地下室 火灾 烟气扩散 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]