安全疏散导向的深地空间水平通道宽度优化  

Optimization of horizontal channel width in deep underground space guided by safe evacuation

作　　者：彭榆棋 李超[1] 杨瑞航 王大川 周铁军[1,3] PENG Yuqi;LI Chao;YANG Ruihang;WANG Dachuan;ZHOU Tiejun(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China;Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院,重庆400045 [2]西南科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,绵阳621000 [3]山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期509-520,共12页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52278005)。

摘　　要：深层地下空间具有封闭性强、疏散距离长和疏散难度高等特点,发生灾害时空间内人员的生命安全受到严重威胁。该文针对大规模人群在深层地下空间水平通道疏散时易出现的拥堵问题,优化了水平通道的宽度设计。首先,将深层地下空间模型抽象为拓扑网络模型,并基于中介中心性指标评价了网络中各节点的重要性,得到了分级路网模型;其次,通过现有规范设定了各级水平通道的基础宽度;最后,基于各级水平通道的基础宽度,使用中国自主研发的行人疏散动力学模拟软件GoAhead分析了人群在深层地下空间水平通道的疏散过程。研究结果表明:当深层地下空间三级、二级左侧、二级右侧和一级水平通道宽度分别为6.0、9.0、13.0和17.0m时,最利于人群疏散且经济性较高。该文研究结果可为深层地下空间安全疏散设计提供参考。[Objective]Deep underground spaces present unique challenges owing to their strong closure,long evacuation distances,and high evacuation difficulty.In disaster situations,evacuees must navigate long,confined horizontal channels,increasing the risk of overcrowding and trampling,which can severely compromise safety.Existing national standards,industry norms,and research results involving underground space safe evacuation primarily target shallow underground spaces,rail transit,and civil defense areas,which are difficult to adapt to the evacuation requirements of deep underground spaces.This highlights the urgent need for specific research into the evacuation design of deep underground spaces.Given the scarcity of relevant guidelines and studies and the potential for congestion during large-scale evacuation in these horizontal channels of deep underground spaces,there is a critical need to optimize the design of horizontal channel widths.[Methods]A lattice-like deep underground space model was developed based on the underground space planning at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.This model connects chambers in series through horizontal channels.In the first layer of the model,chamber exits and channels are identified,with internal chamber channels,evacuation channel intersections,and vertical evacuation facilities being abstracted as source,intersecting,and terminating nodes,respectively.The shortest evacuation paths from the source to the terminating nodes are considered as directed sides in the network.Then,the topology network model is established.The betweenness centrality index from complex network analysis is used to assess the importance of nodes.Based on these calculations,horizontal channels are divided into three levels:first,second,and third.This classification helps construct a graded road network model.Current specifications guide the assignment of basic widths for these channels at each level.The study uses GoAhead,a self-developed pedestrian evacuation dynamics simulation software,to simul

关 键 词：深层地下空间模型 中介中心性 分级路网模型 水平通道宽度 

分 类 号：X959[环境科学与工程—安全科学]