干雾降尘技术在金属矿井巷道型采场的应用  

Application of dry fog dust removal technology in laneway stope of metal mine

作　　者：李刚[1,2,3,4] 徐修平 刘建国[4,5] 金龙哲 LI Gang;XU Xiuping;LIU Jianguo;JIN Longzhe(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Ma'anshan 243000,China;Sinosteel Ma'anshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Ma'anshan 243000,China;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Recycling of Metallic Mineral Resources,Ma'anshan 243000,China;National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 102308,China;Research Institute of Macro-Safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,马鞍山243000 [2]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,马鞍山243000 [3]金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心,马鞍山243000 [4]国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京102308 [5]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期569-579,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2904104,2022YFC2903901);国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室开放基金项目(KLECDH20230201)。

摘　　要：矿山爆破作业产生大量冲击性粉尘,极易引发尘肺病,严重威胁作业人员的身心健康,然而现有的通风除尘技术应用效果不佳。因此,为实现矿山爆破作业粉尘的高效治理,改善回风巷作业环境,保障作业人员身心健康,该文开展了干雾降尘技术在金属矿井巷道型采场的应用研究。该文以某铁矿巷道型采场为研究对象,首先,开展了该矿井下爆破作业粉尘的理化特性及润湿性影响机制研究;其次,开展了喷嘴雾化特性及影响因素研究;再次,设计研发了矿井干雾降尘装置;最后,开展了干雾降尘装置的现场试验研究。结果表明:爆破作业产生的冲击性粉尘大多为亲水性粉尘,颗粒粒径和表面孔体积是影响粉尘润湿性的主要因素;雾滴粒径和数量是影响干雾降尘效率的重要因素,当SK-508型超声雾化喷嘴的气压为0.7 MPa、水流量为0.1 kg/s时,雾化效果显著;干雾降尘技术的现场试验效果明显,对全尘和呼尘的去除效率均较高。[Objective]Blasting operations in mines generate significant amounts of impact dust,which poses a significant risk of pneumoconiosis and threatens workers'health.This also results in substantial direct economic losses annually,severely impacting China's pursuit of high-quality economic development.Existing ventilation and dust removal technologies have proven inadequate.Among various developed dust reduction methods,wet dust suppression technology has improved continuously.A key advancement is the use of ultrasonic atomizing nozzles,known for their low water consumption,effective atomization,and superior dust capture efficiency.Consequently,a dry mist dust suppression technology has been proposed to efficiently manage dust from mining blasting operations,improve working conditions in return airways,and safeguard the physical and mental health of workers.This study investigates the application of dry mist dust suppression technology in roadway-type mining faces of metal mines to achieve these objectives.[Methods]This study focused on a roadway-type mining face in a certain iron ore mine.The initial investigation involved analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of dust generated during blasting operations,particularly examining mechanisms that influence its wetting properties.Dust samples were classified through flotation into hydrophilic and hydrophobic types.Further analysis was conducted on their wetting properties,surface morphology,particle size distribution,and surface pore structure to explore the physicochemical characteristics affecting dust wetting.Three types of ultrasonic atomizing nozzles were selected for testing their atomization characteristics under different pressure parameters using an atomization test platform.This study analyzes the influence of different air-water parameters on atomization characteristics and identified the optimal nozzle for dust reduction applications.Furthermore,a dry mist dust suppression device was designed and developed for use in mining.Field experiments eva

关 键 词：金属矿井 爆破粉尘 理化特性 干雾降尘 除尘效果 

分 类 号：TD714.43[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]