高温金属熔融液滴撞击壁面动力学试验  

Experiments on the dynamics of high-temperature molten metal droplets impacting the wall surface

作　　者：陶振翔[1] 周浩志 刘潇瀚 胡培峰 罗宁 周彪 杨锐[3] 刘全义[4] TAO Zhenxiang;ZHOU Haozhi;LIU Xiaohan;HU Peifeng;LUO Ning;ZHOU Biao;YANG Rui;LIU Quanyi(School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Zhongxing Real Estate Management Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100032,China;School of Safety Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京中兴物业管理有限公司,北京100032 [3]清华大学安全科学学院,北京100084 [4]中国民用航空飞行学院民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室,广汉618307

出　　处：《清华大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期580-588,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52304273);民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室项目(MZ2022KF09);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2023ZKPYAQ07)。

摘　　要：众多的事故调查结果表明:高温金属熔融液滴引燃是造成火灾蔓延、事件升级的关键环节。该研究围绕金属熔融物撞击底板引燃灾变涉及的动力学过程,针对性地设计和搭建了金属熔融液滴撞击试验平台,确保了液滴质量、温度的精准可控,并提升了加热效率;通过试验对颗粒直径、温度、碰撞距离等影响熔融液滴撞击不锈钢钢板、聚苯乙烯(EPS)泡沫运动过程的因素开展了定量研究。试验结果表明:不锈钢板上的熔融液滴铺展直径随时间呈先上升后趋于稳定的变化趋势,而熔融液滴初始温度对液滴的铺展过程影响较小;EPS泡沫表面的熔融液滴铺展直径随时间呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,且峰值出现的时间随碰撞距离增大而延长,同时其拐点变化的时间也更晚。[Objective]Unlike fire accidents caused by direct combustion,which are easy to detect and control,numerous accident investigations have shown that ignition caused by high-temperature molten metal droplets is a key link in the spread and escalation of fire events.Recently,a number of studies in China and other countries have investigated the ignition mechanism of fire spreading owing to high-temperature molten metal droplets.However,most of these studies have investigated the ignition mechanism alone,and only a few studies have explored the dynamic characteristics of molten metal droplets impacting the wall surface.Consequently,in this experimental study,the dynamic of molten aluminum particles with different particle diameters impacting noncombustible stainless-steel plates and combustible expanded polystyrene(EPS)foam were explored.[Methods]To address the problems of adhesion of molten metal particles to the heating vessel and the low upper limit of the heating temperature in traditional research,this study adopted a non-contact method to heat and control the metal particles and recorded the spreading and retraction of molten metal droplets and the pyrolysis and combustion phenomena of the substrate material in the collision process using a high-speed camera.The morphology of the molten metal can be used to visualize droplet motion and assess the heating conditions of the impacted substrate and surrounding objects.The droplet spreading diameter is one of the most important parameters for studying the dynamic characteristics of molten metal droplets impacting the wall surface;however,after impact,molten metal droplets do not have standard circular surfaces,and their contours cannot be directly obtained.Using Image-Pro Plus software to draw the outer contour of the thin layer of metallic aluminum particles,the number of pixels in the coil is calculated and multiplied by the scale;furthermore,the actual spreading area of the thin layer of molten metal S0 is calculated,and the equivalent spreading length D is subseq

关 键 词：熔融液滴 高温金属 碰撞 运动特性 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]