基于气相色谱-质谱的脂质组学方法鉴别动植物油脂  

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometrybased lipidomics approach for discrimination of vegetable oils and animal fats

作　　者：刘平阳 刘占芳 周红 刘耀[1,2] LIU Pingyang;LIU Zhanfang;ZHOU Hong;LIU Yao(School of Criminal Investigation,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学侦查学院,北京100038 [2]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《分析试验室》2025年第2期278-286,共9页Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory

摘　　要：根据动植物油脂独特的脂肪酸特征,开发了一种快速、准确的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法对13种动植物油脂进行种属区分。首先,对GC-MS分析油脂的条件进行了优化并对油脂中脂肪酸含量差异进行分析。其次,将附着在载体上的油脂分别暴露于室温(25℃)和极端炎热环境(60℃)中36 d,以模拟刑事案件现场鉴定人员可能遇到的物证。经过比较分析,油脂在60℃老化36 d后,油脂中的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量总体升高,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量总体下降,UFA逐步分解为SFA。最后,随着老化的进行,脂肪酸含量不断变化,出现大量无规律的数据,增加了分析的难度。通过主成分分析(PCA),对新鲜油脂和60℃老化36 d油脂的数据进行建模。结果表明,无论油脂是否老化,都可将13种动植物油脂成功区分开。Based on the distinctive fatty acid characteristics of vegetable oils and animal fats,a rapid and accurate gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(CC-MS)mehtod was developed to differentiate 13 kinds of such vegetable oils and animal fats.Initially,the conditions for GC-MS analysis of the oils and fats were optimized,and the differences in fatty acid contents among the oils and fats were analyzed.Subsequently,samples ofoils and fats adhering to the carriers were exposed to room temperature(25℃)and extreme heat environment(60℃)for 36 d to simulate evidence that forensic analysts might encounter at crime scene.Upon comparative analysis,it was observed that after aging at 60 C for 36 d,there was a general increase in the levels of saturated fatty acids(SFA)and a decrease in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),with UFAs gradually degrading into SFAs.Moreover,as the aging process progressed,the fatty acid contentsunderwent continuous changes,leading to a large amount of irregular data,which increased the complexity of the analysis.By utilizing principal component analysis(PCA)to model the data of oils and fats before and after 36 d of aging at 60°C,13 kinds of vegetable oils and animal fats could be successfully distinguished,regardless of their aging status.

关 键 词：气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS) 油脂 老化 鉴别 

分 类 号：O657.7[理学—分析化学] Q547[理学—化学]