热裂解-气相色谱质谱在能源研究中的应用进展  

Application of pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry in energy research

作　　者：刘世君 郑安庆[1,2] 付娟 陈晓丽[1] 苏秋成[1] LIU Shijun;ZHENG Anqing;FU Juan;CHEN Xiaoli;SU Qiucheng(CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology of China,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,广东省新能源与可再生能源研究开发重点实验室,中国科学院广州能源研究所,广州510640 [2]中国科学技术大学能源科学与工程学院,广州510640

出　　处：《分析试验室》2025年第2期299-310,共12页Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52276221)资助。

摘　　要：热解也叫热裂解,是一种将有机物在高温下分解为气体、液体和固体产物的过程。该过程通常在缺乏氧气的条件下进行,以防止完全燃烧产生二氧化碳和水。热裂解-气相色谱质谱技术(Py-GCMS)将样品在高温(通常在400~800℃之间)下热解为小分子挥发性化合物,这些挥发性化合物随后进入气相色谱柱进行分离,然后通过质谱仪进行检测。热裂解技术的发展,经历了从煤炭到石油和塑料、再到生物质的演进过程。Py-GCMS可以在不涉及二次反应的情况下快速检测热解产物,已被广泛用于生物质、固体废弃物、煤的微尺度快速热解产物的分析。本综述概述了Py-GCMS的基本原理,介绍了主要仪器类型及其优势,总结了该类型仪器在生物质热化学转化、煤及油页岩能源开发利用、固体废弃物资源化处理等领域的典型应用,涉及预处理、催化和共热解等定向提质增值研究方向,指出了Py-GCMS在能源研究中的重要应用价值,并展望了其更多高端耦合方式。Pyrolysis,also known as thermal pyrolysis,is a process whereby organic matter is converted into gas,liquid,and solid products at high temperatures.The process is usually carried out in the absence of oxygen to prevent complete combustion leading to the production of carbon dioxide and water.Typically conducted in an oxygen-deficient environment to prevent complete combustion and the generation of carbon dioxide and water,pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry(Py-GCMS)involves heating samples to high temperatures(usually between 400 and 800℃),resulting in the conversion of compounds into small molecule volatile compounds.These compounds are then separated in a gas chromatograph column and detected by a mass spectrometer.The development of pyrolysis technology progressed from coal to petroleum,plastics,and finally to biomass.Py-GCMS enables the rapid detection of pyrolysis products without inducing secondary reactions,making it widely used for micro-scale rapid pyrolysis of biomass,solid waste and coal.This review summarizes the principle of Py-GCMS,introduces the main instrument types and their advantages,and summarizes the typical applications in various fields including biomass thermochemical conversion,coal and oil shale energy development and utilization,and solid waste resource treatment.It also covers research directions aimed at enhancing quality,such as pretreatment,catalysis and co-pyrolysis.Furthermore,it highlights the significant application value of Py-GCMS in energy research and prospects for more advanced coupling modes.

关 键 词：热裂解器-气相色谱质谱(Py-GCMS) 催化剂 生物质 固体废弃物 煤 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学]