早产儿胃残留评估与处理的最佳证据总结  

Best evidence summary for the assessment and management of gastric residues in preterm infants

作　　者：沈飞 戎惠[1] 黄周旋 李芳 顾莺 Shen Fei;Rong Hui;Huang Zhouxuan;Li Fang;Gu Ying(Center of Neonatal Medical,Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Jiangsu,Nanjing 210008,China;Department of Nursing,Children’s Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿医疗中心,江苏南京210008 [2]复旦大学附属儿科医院护理部,上海201102

出　　处：《发育医学电子杂志》2025年第2期81-87,95,共8页Journal of Developmental Medicine (Electronic Version)

基　　金：复旦大学循证护理中心证据转化与临床应用项目(Fudanebn202328)。

摘　　要：目的检索国内外早产儿胃残留评估及处理的相关证据,并对最佳证据进行总结。方法采用循证护理学方法,系统检索计算机决策支持系统、指南网站、相关营养学会官方网站以及数据库关于早产儿胃残留评估及处理的所有证据,包括临床决策、指南、专家共识、证据总结及系统评价,检索时限为建库至2024年3月31日。由2名系统学习过循证方法的研究者对纳入的文献质量进行评价,并对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取和整合。结果共纳入6篇文献,包括临床决策、专家共识、证据总结各1篇以及指南3篇,从早产儿胃残留评估的时机、胃残留抽吸的方法、胃残留颜色和量的评估与处理4个方面汇总13条最佳证据。结论本研究提供了早产儿胃残留评估及处理的循证依据,建议医护人员在应用证据时,综合考虑临床实际情况选择性应用最佳证据,促进早产儿喂养进程。Objective To search relevant evidence both domestically and internationally on the assessment and management of gastric residuals in premature infants,and summarize the best evidence.Method Evidencebased nursing method was used to systematically search all the evidence from computer decision support systems,guideline websites,official websites of relevant nutrition societies,and various databases on the assessment and management of gastric residuals in preterm infants.The evidence retrieved included clinical decisions,guidelines,expert consensuses,evidence summaries,and systematic reviews.The search period spanned from the inception of the databases up to March 31,2024.The quality of the included literatures was evaluated by two researchers who had systematically learned the evidence-based method,and evidence was extracted and integrated for the literatures that met the quality standards.Result A total of 6 literatures were included:1 clinical decisions,1 expert consensus,1 evidence summary,and 3 guidelines.From these,the 13 best evidences were summarized from four aspects:the assessment timing of gastric residuals,suction methods of gastric residuals,and the assessment of gastric residuals color and volume.Conclusion This study provides an evidence-based foundation for assessing and managing of gastric residuals in preterm infants,and recommends that healthcare providers consider the specific clinical context when applying the evidence,selectively adopting the best evidence to facilitate the timely establishment of enteral feeding.

关 键 词：早产儿 低出生体质量儿 胃残留 肠内营养 循证护理学 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]