睾丸微石症的临床研究进展  

Novel clinical insight into testicular microlithiasis

作　　者：付巡 李宏军[1] Fu Xun;Li Hongjun(Department of Urology Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院泌尿外科,北京100730

出　　处：《发育医学电子杂志》2025年第2期133-139,共7页Journal of Developmental Medicine (Electronic Version)

摘　　要：睾丸微石症(testicular microlithiasis,TM)是一种相对常见的影像学表现,以睾丸生精小管内弥散分布的最大径<3 mm的钙化灶为特征。TM的病因至今未明,先天睾丸发育异常、精索静脉曲张、睾丸损伤、纳米细菌感染都可能是睾丸生精小管内微结石形成的原因。肥胖和高脂血症被认为是TM的2个重要的危险因素。TM本身无临床症状,多与其他男性泌尿生殖系统疾病共存,例如睾丸肿瘤、男性不育、精索静脉曲张等。这些疾病的患者通常拥有更高的TM发病率,并且它们的临床表现也常是TM患者的就诊原因。目前国内外相对缺乏对TM的研究,尤其是缺乏病因、发病机制相关的研究,造成临床上对TM认识不足、缺乏完整且统一的治疗及随访方案。本文就近年有关TM的研究报道作一综述,旨在对有关TM的新发现、新见解做一总结,从而为临床更深刻地认识该疾病提供一定帮助。Testicular microlithiasis(TM)is a relatively common imaging finding characterized by diffusely distributed calcifications with a diameter of less than 3 mm within the seminiferous tubules of the testis.The etiology of TM remains unclear,and potential causes of microlith formation in the seminiferous tubules include congenital testicular developmental abnormalities,varicocele,testicular injury,and nanobacterial infection.Obesity and hyperlipidemia are considered two significant risk factors for TM.TM itself is asymptomatic and often coexists with other male genitourinary conditions,such as testicular tumors,male infertility,and varicocele.Patients with these conditions typically have a higher incidence of TM,and their clinical manifestations are often the reason for seeking medical attention.Currently,there is a relative lack of research on TM,particularly regarding its etiology and pathogenesis,leading to insufficient clinical understanding and the absence of a comprehensive and unified treatment and follow-up protocol.This article reviews recent studies on TM,aiming to summarize new discoveries and insights,thereby providing assistance for a deeper clinical understanding of this condition.

关 键 词：睾丸微石症 阴囊 超声检查 睾丸肿瘤 男性不育 精索静脉曲张 

分 类 号：R69[医药卫生—泌尿科学]