围产期奶牛酮病发病规律及防控措施研究进展  

Research Progress on Regularity and Control Measures of Ketosis in Perinatal Dairy Cows

作　　者：张帆[1] 唐湘方[1] 熊本海[1] ZHANG Fan;TANG Xiangfang;XIONG Benhai(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第3期1410-1423,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2024-YWF-ZYSQ-08);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1301100)。

摘　　要：奶牛酮病是一种因围产期能量负平衡引起脂质代谢紊乱的全身性营养代谢疾病。奶牛酮病可分为临床型和亚临床型酮病。随着奶牛泌乳性能的不断提高,奶牛酮病的发病率快速增加。与正常奶牛相比,酮病奶牛的产奶量降低,乳品质下降,乳房炎和子宫炎的发病率增加,繁殖性能降低。酮病也可增加奶牛的死淘率,提高治疗成本,缩短使用年限,进而降低经济效益。而奶牛酮病的发病规律受奶牛的品种、胎次、体况、生产性能、饲养环境、饲养方式等因素影响。探究奶牛酮病的发病规律,对有效降低其发病率具有重要意义。本文就产后奶牛酮病的发病规律及防控措施的研究进展进行总结,以期为奶牛饲养者有效防治产后奶牛酮病提供借鉴。Ketosis is a systemic nutritional and metabolic disease caused by lipid metabolism disorder caused by negative energy balance in perinatal cows.The ketosis of dairy cows can be divided into clinical type and subclinical type.With the improvement of milk performance,the incidence of ketosis increased rapidly.Compared with the normal cows,cows with ketosis have lower milk yield,lower milk quality,increased incidence of mastitis and metritis,and decreased reproductive performance.Ketosis also increases the death rate of dairy cows,increases treatment costs,shortens service life,and reduces economic efficiency.The incidence of cow ketosis is influenced by the breed,parity,body condition score,production performance,feeding environment and feeding method.Understanding the pathogenesis of ketosis is crucial for effectively reducing its incidence.This paper summarizes the research progress on the regularity of ketosis in postpartum dairy cows,and provides strategies for effective preventing and treating of ketosis in dairy cows.

关 键 词：奶牛 能量负平衡 酮病 发病规律 围产期 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]