饲粮粗蛋白质水平和热灭活乳酸菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观全肠道消化率、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和粪便微生物组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level and Heat-Inactivated Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Total Tract Digestibility,Antioxidant Ability,Immune Function and Fecal Microbial Composition of Weaned Piglets

作　　者：张歌 张泽宇 赵金标 刘岭 ZHANG Ge;ZHANG Zeyu;ZHAO Jinbiao;LIU Ling(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeing,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;China Agricultural Zhiyuan Management Consulting Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中农志远咨询管理有限公司,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第3期1585-1596,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61573009)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平和热灭活乳酸菌(HLAB)对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观全肠道消化率(ATTD)、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和粪便微生物组成的影响。采用2×2双因素试验设计,选用192头初始体重为(8.62±0.18)kg的“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪。各组分别饲喂高蛋白质饲粮、高蛋白质饲粮+HLAB、低蛋白质饲粮、低蛋白质饲粮+HLAB。试验期为30 d,前期为1~15 d,后期为16~30 d。结果表明:饲粮CP水平和HLAB对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、营养物质ATTD以及血清抗氧化、免疫和激素指标均无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。饲粮高CP水平显著提高了断奶仔猪前期的平均日增重(ADG)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的ATTD和血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),显著降低了粗脂肪(EE)的ATTD及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05)。饲粮添加HLAB显著提高了断奶仔猪前期的ADG和总能(GE)、有机物(OM)、CP、EE的ATTD(P<0.05),同时显著提高了血清SOD、GSH-Px、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素(INS)含量(P<0.05),显著降低了血清MDA、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量和粪便微生物Ace和Chao指数(P<0.05)。综上所述,高CP水平饲粮虽然可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能,但降低了机体抗氧化能力。饲粮添加HLAB可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质ATTD、抗氧化和抗炎能力以及改变肠道微生物组成,缓解低CP水平饲粮对断奶仔猪的不良影响。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary crude protein(CP)level and heat-inactivated lactic acid bacteria(HLAB)on growth performance,nutrient apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD),antioxidant ability,immune function and fecal microbial composition of weaned piglets.A total of 192 weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)with an initial body weight of(8.62±0.18)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups according to a 2×2 two-factor experimental design,each group included 6 replicates with 8 pigs per replicate.Pigs in 4 groups were fed high protein diet,high protein diet+HLAB,low protein diet,and low protein diet+HLAB,respectively.The experiment lasted for 30 days,including the early phase(1 to 15 days)and the late phase(16 to 30 days).The results showed that dietary CP level and HLAB had no significant interaction on growth performance,diarrhea rate,nutrient ATTD and serum antioxidant,immune and hormone indices of weaned piglets(P>0.05).The dietary high CP level significantly increased the average daily weight gain(ADG)in the early phase,ATTD of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content of weaned piglets(P<0.05),significantly decreased the ATTD of ether extract(EE)and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in serum(P<0.05).Dietary HLAB significantly increased the ADG in the early phase and ATTD of gross energy(GE),organic matter(OM),CP and EE of weaned piglets(P<0.05),meanwhile,significantly increased the activities of SOD,GSH-Px and catalase(CAT)and contents of,insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and insulin(INS)in serum(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the contents of MDA,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum and fecal microbial Ace and Chao indices(P<0.05).In summary,although the high CP level diet can improve the growth performance of weaned piglets,it reduced the body antioxidant ability.Dietary HLAB can improve the growth performance,nutrient ATTD,antioxidant and anti-inflammat

关 键 词：饲粮粗蛋白质水平 热灭活乳酸菌 断奶仔猪 生长性能 消化率 抗氧化 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]