饲粮净能水平对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质、肠道形态及微生物群落和肝脏代谢的影响  

Effects of Dietary Net Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Carcass Quality,Intestinal Morphology,Microbial Community and Liver Metabolism of Finishing Pigs

作　　者：蒋静雅 吴登科 任格晗 刘宁[1] 刘兴琳 王悦 郎育杰 褚瑰燕[1] 蔡传江[1] JIANG Jingya;WU Dengke;REN Gehan;LIU Ning;LIU Xinglin;WANG Yue;LANG Yujie;CHU Guiyan;CAI Chuanjiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第3期1645-1659,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300501)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同饲粮净能水平对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质、肠道形态及微生物群落和肝脏代谢的影响。试验选取84头体重为(53.69±5.99)kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为高净能组(HNE组,10.36 MJ/kg)、中净能组(MNE组,9.90 MJ/kg)和低净能组(LNE组,9.44 MJ/kg),每组7个重复,每个重复4头猪。试验共63 d,分为第1~21天、第22~42天、第43~63天3个阶段。结果表明:1)3组之间的生长性能、胴体品质和肠道形态无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)3组之间结肠和盲肠微生物区系的ACE、Chao1、Simpson和Shannon指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析结果发现,与HNE组和LNE组相比,MNE组结肠毛螺菌科UCG_010和巨单胞菌属的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),盲肠粪球菌属的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05);与HNE组和MNE组相比,LNE组结肠毛螺菌属、普雷沃氏菌属7、粪球菌属和挑剔真杆菌群的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),盲肠振颤螺菌属、科利德斯特菌属和α-变形菌纲的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与HNE组相比,MNE组和LNE组分别有482种和849种代谢物上调[变量重要性投影(VIP)>1且P<0.05],585种和938种代谢物下调(VIP>1且P<0.05)。与HNE组相比,MNE组和LNE组与脂质和类脂分子相关的代谢物含量显著增加(P<0.05),一些重要的能量代谢相关代谢途径发生了变化,如氧化磷酸化、磷酸肌醇代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成、氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢以及丙酸盐代谢。4)Spearman相关性分析结果表明,MNE组结肠富集的巨单胞菌属和盲肠富集的粪球菌属相对丰度与色氨酸代谢的中间产物3-羟基犬尿氨酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);LNE组结肠富集的普雷沃氏菌属7和粪球菌属相对丰度与3-羟基犬尿氨酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验饲粮净能水平范围(9.44~10.36 MJ/kg)内,降低饲粮净能水平不影响育肥猪的生长性能、胴体品质和肠道形态,可�This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary net energy levels on growth performance,carcass quality,intestinal morphology,microbial community and liver metabolism of finishing pigs.A total of 84 healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred finishing pigs with an average body weight of(53.69±5.99)kg were randomly divided into high-net energy(HNE)group(10.36 MJ/kg),medium-net energy(MNE)group(9.90 MJ/kg),and low-net energy(LNE)group(9.44 MJ/kg),respectively.Each treatment group had 7 replicates of 4 pigs per replicate.The experiment lasted for 63 days,which were divided into three phases as days 1 to 21,days 22 to 42 and days 43 to 63.The results showed as follows:1)there were no significant differences in growth performance,carcass quality and intestinal morphology among the three groups(P>0.05).2)There were no significant differences in ACE,Chao1,Simpson and Shannon indices between the three groups(P>0.05).The linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 and Megamonas was significantly increased in colonic microbial community of MNE group compared with HNE group and LNE group(P<0.05);the relative abundance of Coprococcus was significantly increased in cecal microbial community of MNE group(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Lachnospira,Prevotella_7,Coprococcus and Eubacterium_eligens_group significantly increased in colonic microbial community of LNE group compared with HNE group and LNE group(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Oscillospira,Colidextribacter and Alphaproteobacteria in cecal microbial community significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with HNE group,482 and 849 metabolites were up-regulated(VIP>1 and P<0.05),while 585 and 938 metabolites were down-regulated(VIP>1 and P<0.05)in MNE group and LNE group,respectively.Compared with the HNE group,the MNE and LNE groups had significantly increased metabolites associated with lipids and lipid-like molecules(P<0.05).Meanwhile,some important energy

关 键 词：育肥猪 净能 生长性能 肠道形态 微生物群落 肝脏代谢 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]