不同发酵模式发酵菜籽粕对育肥猪生长性能、血清免疫指标、激素水平及粪便微生物的影响  

Effects of Different Fermentation Modes of Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Serum Immunity Indexes,Hormone Levels and Fecal Microorganisms of Fattening Pigs

作　　者：张朋 姚有莉 王永奔 卢博雨 杨兆馨 张剑搏 吴国芳[1,3,4] 罗璇 王磊 ZHANG Peng;YAO Youli;WANG Yongben;LU Boyu;YANG Zhaoxin;ZHANG Jianbo;WU Guofang;LUO Xuan;WANG Lei(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Genetics and Breeding on the Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [2]青海大学青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]青海省高原家畜遗传资源保护与创新利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [4]农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第3期1660-1672,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：互助县乡村振兴科技示范县专项(2024-NK-X03)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同发酵模式发酵菜籽粕对育肥猪生长性能、血清免疫指标、激素水平及粪便微生物的影响。选取15 kg左右的健康同月龄育肥猪72头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头。对照组(CK组)饲喂基础饲粮+10%未发酵菜籽粕,益生菌发酵组(FG组)饲喂基础饲粮+10%复合益生菌发酵菜籽粕,菌酶协同发酵组(MPG组)饲喂基础饲粮+10%菌酶协同发酵菜籽粕。试验期60 d。结果表明:与CK组相比,FG组和MPG组育肥猪的初始体重、终末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。FG组和MPG组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。FG组和MPG组血清生长激素与胰岛素含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05);MPG组血清神经肽含量显著高于FG组和CK组(P<0.05)。微生物分析表明,饲喂发酵饲料可显著提高粪便微生物的Simpson指数和Shannon指数(P<0.05),但在第60天,与CK组相比,MPG组粪便微生物中厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,益生菌发酵菜籽粕和菌酶协同发酵菜籽粕替代部分基础饲粮不影响育肥猪生长性能,同时可提高育肥猪免疫力和激素水平,改善育肥猪肠道微生物结构,促进有益菌的定植。考虑育肥猪养殖成本,应采用复合益生菌发酵菜籽粕。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different fermentation modes of rapeseed meal on the growth performance,serum immune indexes,hormone levels and fecal microorganisms of finishing pigs.A total of 72 healthy fattening pigs of the same month age and weighing about 15 kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,with 4 replicates in each group and 6 pigs in each replicate.The control group(CK group)was fed a basal diet+10%unfermented rapeseed meal,the probiotic fermentation group(FG group)was fed a basal diet+10%probiotic fermented rapeseed meal,and the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation group(MPG group)was fed a basal diet+10%bacterial enzyme-co-fermented rapeseed meal.The experimental period was 60 days.The results showed that compared with the CK group,there were no significant differences in the initial weight,final weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio of fattening pigs in the FG group and MPG group(P>0.05).Serum immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),and interleukin-2(IL-2)contents in the CK group was significantly higher than that in the CK group(P<0.05).The serum growth hormone and insulin contents in the FG and MPG groups were significantly higher than those in the CK group(P<0.05);the serum neuropeptide content in the MPG group was significantly higher than that in the FG and CK groups(P<0.05).Microbial flora analysis showed that feeding fermented feed significantly increased the Simpson index and Shannon index of fecal microorganisms(P<0.05),but on the 60th day,the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus were significantly increased(P<0.05).In summary,the replacement of part of the basal diet with probiotic fermented rapeseed meal and enzyme-co-fermented rapeseed meal does not affect the growth performance of fattening pigs,but can improve the immunity and hormone levels of fattening pigs and improve the intestinal flora structure of fattening pigs,promoting the colonization of beneficial bac

关 键 词：育肥猪 复合益生菌 发酵菜籽粕 生长性能 免疫 粪便微生物 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]