再论订入规则的适用——兼议格式条款事中的合意保障  

Revisiting the Application of the Civil Code’s Article 496:A Discuss on Protection of Consent in the Matter of Standard Terms

作　　者：卢俊铭 LU Junming(School of law,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510420,China)

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广东广州510420

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2025年第3期49-57,77,共10页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：为兼顾格式条款的经济效用,法院突破格式条款订入规则的文义规定,使得“是否足以引起对方注意”的客观事实认定置于个人的价值判断之下,导致订入规则的适用标准模糊,可能使得不应受谴责的一方当事人遭致不利的法律后果。该问题的根源在于,订入规则在适用无过错归责原则的前提下,只要提示方式在客观上未能通常引起对方注意的,重大利害关系条款便不得订入合同,但这将使得条款提供方的经营不堪重负,因此司法实践当中不得不放宽“通常引起对方注意”的要求。而这种对提示说明义务的放松,最终使得订入规则流于形式。因此,订入规则应采取风险原则的归责理念,条款提供方的可归责性应通过风险考量因素加以确定。但是,订入规则的完善适用仍不能有力地保障合意,因此需要通过引入附随通知义务加以克服这一局限性。To balance the economic efficiency of standard terms,courts have deviated from the literal stipulations of Article 496 of the Civil Code,placing the objective determination of“whether a clause is sufficiently brought to the attention of the other party”under the judge's value.This has resulted in ambiguous standards for applying these rules,potentially causing adverse legal consequences for parties not deserving of censure.The root of this problem lies in the fact that,under the premise of applying the principle of no fault attribution,clauses cannot be included in contracts as long as the provider fails to attract the attention.However,this is unfair to the clause provider,so the requirement of“attracting the attention of the other party”has to be relaxed in judicial practice.And this relaxation ultimately leads to the inclusion of rules becoming mere formalities.To alleviate the aforementioned issues,based on the analysis of the attribution concept of the Article 496 of the Civil Code,the attribution concept of the risk principle should be adopted.However,even the refined application of these rules cannot effectively safeguard mutual agreement.Therefore,it is necessary to address this limitation by recognizing the clause provider's ancillary reminding obligations.

关 键 词：格式条款 订入规则 归责原则 提示方式 合意保障 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]