破与立:中国式农村养老秩序的嬗变与重构  

Disintegration and Rebuilding:The Evolution and Reconstruction of the Chinese-style Rural Elder Care Order

作　　者：陆杰华 孙杨[3] LU Jiehua;SUN Yang

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心 [2]北京大学社会学系、中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院 [3]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期38-52,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国人口长期均衡发展关键问题研究”(22JJD840001)。

摘　　要：立足中国式现代化实践和老龄化的特殊国情,中国农村的养老问题应当放在特定历史背景与客观环境中来理解与分析,形成具有乡土气息与中国范式的农村人口老龄化治理方案。在历史长河中溯源,中国传统社会形成了一套稳定的老有所养的实践逻辑,包括以自给自足的小农土地生产为基础的经济秩序、以权责均衡的代际双向反馈为核心的家庭秩序、以近邻亲熟的村庄乡土社会为载体的社会秩序、以世代传承的孝亲敬老文化为根脉的文化秩序,全面彰显了中国乡土社会延续千年的独特智慧。随着时代推移和社会跃迁,生发于传统农业社会的养老秩序出现近代嬗变,人口转变与疾病转型、城乡非均衡发展以及数字化时代的到来等带来全新养老挑战。未来,需在历史的经验中重构中国式农村养老的现代秩序,重塑土地、家庭、村落、孝道对于老有所养的当代价值和社会适应性,实现中国式老龄社会治理的本土自觉与自主原创。Based on the practice of Chinese-style modernization and the unique national conditions of aging,the elderly care issue in China's rural areas should be understood and analyzed with the specific historical context and objective environment,in order to develop rural aging governance plans with local characteristics and the Chinese paradigm.Historically,traditional Chinese society has formed a set of stable practical logics for caring for the elderly,which fully demonstrates the unique wisdom of Chinese rural society that has lasted for thousands of years,including the economic order based on self-sufficient smallholder land production,the family order with the intergenerational two-way feedback mode of power and responsibility balance as the core,the social order with the familiar and neighboring vllage society as the carrier,and the cultural order rooted in the culture of filial piety that has been inherited from generation to generation.With the passage of time and social transformation,the elderly care order produced in the traditional agricultural society has undergone modern evolution,and new phenomena such as demographic and disease transitions,scientific and technological revolutions,and urban-rural development imbalances bring new elderly care challenges.In the future,it is necessary to reconstruct the modern order of Chinese-style rural elderly care by learning from historical experiences and reshaping the contemporary values and social adaptability of land,family,village,and filial piety in relation to the elderly,so as to achieve the indigenous consciousness and independent originality of Chinese social governance in elderly care.

关 键 词：中国式养老 养老秩序 农村 老龄化 

分 类 号：D66[政治法律—政治学]