农民视角的工农联盟--基于马克思法国史“三书”的考察  

Farmers' Perspectives on the Workers and Peasants AllianceAn Investigation Based on Marx's " Three Books" of French History

作　　者：袁富民 索静雨 YUAN Fumin;SUO Jingyu

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期82-91,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“马克思‘人民主体’的阶级性与历史性研究”(20BKS005)。

摘　　要：工农联盟是科学社会主义的重要原则。由于农民作为政治性力量被忽视甚至曲解,工农联盟的理论实质长期被遮蔽。农民作为政治主体生成于资本主义生产方式的历史性变迁,以普选权确立其政治性存在,通过“勋业”展现其政治性力量。以生产方式透视农民政治主体的内在规定,可以发现农民作为群体主体的张力结构,即农民在封建社会解体与资本主义生产方式崛起的农业生产变迁中所展现的结构制约性与主体超越性的张力结构。在农业资本主义转型的历史进程中,农民能够意识到其作为受资本剥削的“未来无产者”地位并能够与工人形成共同的阶级认同与阶级行动。因此,工农联盟是工人和农民基于社会生产的政治联盟,是需要作为无产阶级现实化主体工人与农民阶级自觉的阶级联盟。The theoretical essence of the workers and peasants alliance,an important principle of scientific socialism,has been covered for a long time because the neglect and distortion of peasants'political power.Peasants,as political subjects,emerged from the historical change of the capitalist mode of production.They established their political existence through universal suffrage and demonstrated their political power via"meritocracy".By analyzing the internal regulations of the political subject of peasants from the perspective of production mode,we can find the tension structure of peasants as the collective subject.This tension is characterized by structural constraints and subject transcendence exhibited by peasants during the disintegration of feudal society and the rise of capitalist production methods in agricultural production changes.In the historical process of agricultural capitalism's transformation,peasants can recognize their status as"future proletarians"exploited by capital and form a shared class identity and unified class action with workers.Therefore,the alliance of workers and peasants is a class-based alliance founded on social production,and it needs the class consciousness of both workers and peasants as the real agent of the proletariat.

关 键 词：工农联盟 农民政治主体 张力结构 阶级自觉 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]