小规模农业的农机社会化服务发展路径研究--基于中日韩三国的比较分析  

The Development Path of Socialized Agricultural Machinery Service for Small-scale Agriculture—A Comparative Study among China,Japan and South Korea

作　　者：胡霞[1] 周旭海 HU Xia;ZHOU Xuhai

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期207-218,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“战后日本经济内外循环关系的历史、理论与政策研究”(21BGJ057);中国人民大学“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”。

摘　　要：农机社会化服务是东亚小规模农业实现高质量发展的重要依托。在推进农业机械化的过程中,东亚代表性国家形成了差异化的农机社会化服务发展路径。从发展特征来看,日本和韩国是在农机普及的基础上支持农机社会化服务发展,小范围的农机联合利用成为其主要发展方向;中国则将支持农机社会化服务发展作为农业机械化的主基调,农机作业服务外包成为其主要发展方向。从发展成效来看,中国更好地达到了分摊农机购置成本的目的,这主要是由于有利的自然和社会经济条件使中国农户采用农机作业服务具备明显的成本优势,农业分工的深化为农户获取服务规模经济效益带来了便利。对于其他尚在探索小农现代化道路的发展中国家和地区而言,东亚代表性国家的农机社会化服务发展路径为其提供了有益的借鉴。Socialized agricultural machinery service is an important support for small-scale agriculture in East Asia to achieve high-quality development.In the process of promoting agricultural mechanization,representative East Asian countries have formed differentiated development path for socialized agricultural machinery service.From the perspective of development characteristics,Japan and South Korea support the development of socialized agricultural machinery service based on the widespread adoption of agricultural machinery,with the joint utilization of small-scope agricultural machinery becoming their main development direction;China regards supporting the development of socialized agricultural machinery service as its main tone of agricultural mechanization,with agricultural machinery outsourcing service emerging as its main development direction.From the perspective of development result,China has achieved the purpose of sharing the purchase cost of agricultural machinery better than Japan and South Korea.This is mainly due to favorable natural and socio-economic conditions that provide Chinese farmers with clear cost advantages in adopting socialized agricultural machinery service,and the deepening division of labor in agriculture has brought convenience for farmers to obtain economies of scale in service.For other developing countries and regions still exploring the path to modernization of small-scale peasants,development paths of agricultural machinery socialized services in representative East Asian Countries provide a valuable reference.

关 键 词：东亚 小规模农业 农业机械化 农机社会化服务 发展路径 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]