四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区3种高山同域鸡形目鸟类的时空分化研究  

Spatial and Temporal Differentiation Among Three Sympatric Galliformes in the Alpine Ecosystem of the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

作　　者：刘名洋 姚雪岚 李旭琴 赵鹏 李忠伦 李英 蒋勇 阮光发 杨楠 LIU Mingyang;YAO Xuelan;LI Xuqin;ZHAO Peng;LI Zhonglun;LI Ying;JIANG Yong;RUAN Guangfa;YANG Nan(Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Natural Forest Protection Center of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China;Chengdu Runnan Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China;Xinlong County Forestry Bureau of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Xinlong,Sichuan Province 626800,China;Sichuan Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用教育部/四川省重点实验室,成都610041 [2]甘孜藏族自治州天然林保护中心,四川康定626000 [3]成都润楠环保科技有限公司,成都610051 [4]甘孜藏族自治州新龙县林业局,四川新龙626800 [5]四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区管理局,四川康定626000

出　　处：《四川动物》2025年第2期121-130,共10页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC013);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(ZYN2024094)。

摘　　要：高山生态系统以其特殊的自然环境孕育了独特的生物多样性模式,探究高山同域分布物种在有限资源条件下生态位的分化,对于高山生态系统生物多样性保护与管理工作具有重要意义。利用四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区2017—2020年的红外相机数据,分析了白马鸡Crossoptilon crossoptilon、血雉Ithaginis cruentus和藏雪鸡Tetrao‐gallus tibetanus 3种高山雉类的时空分化情况。从空间分布尺度上来看,藏雪鸡偏好海拔≥4000 m的草甸和流石滩生境,而白马鸡和血雉偏好较低海拔的灌丛和林地生境;从栖息地利用尺度上来看,3种雉类对环境变量的偏好存在差异,在繁殖季血雉和藏雪鸡偏好离人为干扰较远、资源丰富的区域,而在非繁殖季3种雉类均偏好温暖且能获取资源的区域。时间生态位分析结果表明,三者的活动节律在繁殖季存在一定差异,且差异在非繁殖季增大。研究结果揭示了高山雉类在时空上的分布差异及栖息地选择偏好,为高山生态系统多样性保护与管理提供了科学依据。Alpine ecosystems,characterized by their distinctive natural environments,are known to host unique biodi‐versity patterns.A profound understanding of niche differentiation among sympatric species under conditions of limited resource is crucial for the conservation and management of alpine biodiversity.In this study,the temporal and spatial differ‐entiation,as well as habitat utilization of three alpine pheasant species−Crossoptilon crossoptilon,Ithaginis cruentus and Tetraogallus tibetanus were analyzed using infrared camera data collected from the Gongga Mountain National Nature Re‐serve,Sichuan Province,China,from 2017 to 2020.Spatial distribution scale analysis revealed that T.tibetanus prefer meadow and scree habitats above 4000 m above sea level,while C.crossoptilon and I.cruentus favor shrubland and forest habitats at lower elevations.Furthermore,habitat utilization scale analysis demonstrated varying preferences for environ‐mental variables among the three pheasant species.Ithaginis cruentus and Tetraogallus tibetanus tended to inhabit areas farther from human disturbance and abundant in resources during the breeding season,while all three species showed a preference for warmer regions with accessible resources during the non-breeding season.Temporal niche analysis further re‐vealed significant differences in activity rhythms among the three species during the breeding season.These differences were even more pronounced during the non-breeding season.Overall,this study has successfully unveiled the temporal and spatial distribution patterns as well as habitat selection preferences of alpine pheasants,providing a scientific basis for the conservation and management of alpine ecosystem diversity.

关 键 词：贡嘎山国家级自然保护区 同域雉类 高山生态系统 日活动节律 生态位分化 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]