圈养马来熊肠道细菌组成及多样性分析  

Gut Bacterial Composition and Diversity Analysis of Captive Helarctos malayanus

作　　者：周红燕 尹彦强 刘媛 李燕 洪明生 滕明生[2] 刘智豪 袁施彬[1] 王乐[1] 张泽钧[1,3] ZHOU Hongyan;YIN Yanqiang;LIU Yuan;LI Yan;HONG Mingsheng;TENG Mingsheng;LIU Zhihao;YUAN Shibin;WANG Le;ZHANG Zejun(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),Nanchong Key Laboratory of Wildlife Nutrition Ecology and Disease Control,College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637009,China;Chongqing Zoo,Chongqing 400050,China;Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,野生动物营养生态与疫病防控南充市重点实验室,四川南充637009 [2]重庆动物园,重庆400050 [3]成都中医药大学,成都611137

出　　处：《四川动物》2025年第2期132-144,共13页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局重点项目(CGF2024001);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32200346);野生动物营养生态与疫病防控南充市重点实验室项目(NCKL202201)。

摘　　要：马来熊Helarctos malayanus是国家一级重点保护野生动物,为了探明肠道菌群组成及多样性对其饲养管理的意义,本研究对重庆动物园8只圈养马来熊的粪便微生物进行16S rRNA测序分析。结果发现,门水平优势菌群为厚壁菌门Firmicutes和变形菌门Proteobacteria,属水平优势菌群为链球菌属Streptococcus、苏黎世杆菌属Turici‐bacter和梭状芽孢杆菌属1 Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1;老年个体中厚壁菌门细菌丰度偏高而变形菌门丰度偏低,且具有较高丰度的八叠球菌属Sarcina细菌;配对饲养个体的肠道菌群多样性在不同的饮食习惯和不同圈舍环境下表现出差异;在1例异常粪便中,厚壁菌门细菌丰度偏低而变形菌门细菌丰度偏高,并检测出了较高丰度的机会致病菌--梭杆菌属Fusobacterium,同时PICRUSt2功能预测结果显示,异常粪便个体的排泄系统与其他个体的差异极显著。研究结果提示,马来熊圈养管理应加强对动物排便行为、粪便形态和气味,以及粪便正常菌群和特定病原体的实时监测。Sun bear(Helarctos malayanus)is a classⅠnationally key protected animal in China.In order to investigate the gut microbiome composition and diversity of H.malayanusnus based on its feeding and management,16S rRNA se‐quencing and analysis were conducted on the fecal microbiome of 8 H.malayanus individuals captived in Chongqing Zoo.The results showed that at the phylum level,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant groups within the gut microbiome.At the genus level,Streptococcus,Turicibacter and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were the dominant groups.No‐tably,comparisons with general microbial levels indicated that in elderly individuals,the abundance of Firmicutes was el‐evated,while that of Proteobacteria was decreased,accompanied by a high abundance of Sarcina.Among paired breeding individuals,variations in gut microbiome diversity were observed,which were attributed to differences in dietary habits and enclosure environments.Furthermore,analysis of an abnormal sample showed a decrease in Firmicutes abundance and an increase in Proteobacteria abundance,along with a high prevalence of opportunistic bacteria,specifically Fusobacterium.Additionally,predictive results obtained using PICRUSt2 demonstrated that the excretory system of the individual source of the abnormal feces exhibited significant differences compared to other individuals.Based on these findings,it is recom‐mended to enhance real-time monitoring of animal defecation behavior,as well as to closely observe the morphology and odor of the feces,normal fecal microbiome composition,and specific pathogens during feeding and management practices.

关 键 词：马来熊 圈养 肠道微生物 16S rRNA测序 异常粪便 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学] Q95-339