赤水河河源段云南光唇鱼的生物学研究  

Biology of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis in the Headwater of the Chishui River

作　　者：王钦 曾旭茂 夏治俊 王硕 吴梦寒 邹鑫华 刘飞[1] 王剑伟[1] WANG Qin;ZENG Xumao;XIA Zhijun;WANG Shuo;WU Menghan;ZOU Xinhua;LIU Fei;WANG Jianwei(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《四川动物》2025年第2期220-231,共12页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY100402);国家自然科学基金(32373138)。

摘　　要：基于2023年3月—2024年2月在赤水河河源段的逐月采样,对云南光唇鱼Acrossocheilus yunnanensis的年龄、生长、繁殖和摄食特征进行了研究。结果表明,赤水河河源段云南光唇鱼样本由4个龄组组成,雌雄比1∶0.66。体重(W)和体长(L)关系为:W=3.505×10^(−6) L^(3.304),经统计检验,b>3,呈正异速生长。用von Bertalanffy方程对其生长进行了拟合,其参数为:L_(∞)=283.561 mm,k=0.336,t_(0)=−0.632。其体长生长速度和加速度不具拐点,生长速度随年龄增加而持续下降;体重的生长速度具拐点,拐点年龄为2.92龄。雌、雄鱼的初次性成熟体长分别为178.96 mm、143.97 mm,对应年龄分别为2.24龄、1.53龄。赤水河的云南光唇鱼为分批产卵类型,繁殖期为4—9月,产卵高峰在5月,个体绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力的平均值分别为6624粒/尾和47粒/g。摄食率和摄食强度均保持在较高水平,受水深、浊度和水温等影响,呈现出春秋季高于夏冬季的特点。云南光唇鱼与环境相适应的大卵粒、分批产卵和较长的繁殖期等生活史特征可能是其在赤水河河源段成为优势物种的生物学基础,限制捕捞和保护近岸微生境是该物种保护的关键。Life-history traits are crucial for establishing reference points for fisheries species and assessing the likelihood of recovery for declined population.To contribute to the protection of fish resources in the ChiShui River and the conservation of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis,this study conducted a comprehensive investigation into the age,growth,reproduction and feeding characteristics of A.yunnanensis。Monthly samples were collected from the Chishui River between March 2023 and February 2024.Age determination was carried out using scales as the primary material,and von Bertalanffy growth functions(VBGF)were fitted based on the ages derived from scale readings and measured body length data.The goodness-of-fit of the equations was further validated using the chi-square test.The results indicated that the age of A.yunnanensis ranged from 1 to 4 years,with a sex ratio of 1∶0.66(female∶male).The relationship between body length(L)and body mass(W)was described by the equations W=3.505×10^(−6) L^(3.304),W_(♀)=3.948×10^(−6) L^(3.317),and W_(♂)=2.137×10^(−5) L^(2.989).The t-test of the allometric growth index(b)was further analyzed,uncovering the b value of is significantly greater than 3(P<0.01),indicating a positive allometric growth pattern.VBGF equations were Lt=283.561[1−e−0.336(t+0.632)]for all individuals,Lt=324.89[1−e−0.139(t+2.216)]for females,and Lt=236.25[1−e−0.239(t+1.828)]for males.The rate and acceleration of body length growth exhibited no inflection point,with the rate decreasing with age and the acceleration remaining negative.Conversely,the rate and acceleration of body mass growth exhibited inflection points,with inflection ages of 2.92 a for all individuals,2.80 a for females and 2.65 a for males.Analysis of the gonadal somatic index and ovarian development period indicated that spawning occurred from April to September and peaking in May.Studies on egg diameter frequency distributions and histological observations of ovarian development revealed that A.yunnanensis exhibits

关 键 词：年龄 生长 繁殖 摄食 云南光唇鱼 

分 类 号：Q959.4[生物学—动物学] Q958.8