水蛭共生微生物的致病风险及其分离鉴定技术研究现状  

Advancement on the Pathogenicity Risk of Leech Symbiotic Microorganisms and Their Detection

作　　者：李重言 周智威 段佳丽 代锦 吴江[2] 孙群[1,2] LI Chongyan;ZHOU Zhiwei;DUAN Jiali;DAI Jin;WU Jiang;SUN Qun(College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Deep Earth Medicine Research Center,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610065 [2]四川大学华西医院深地医学研究中心,成都610041

出　　处：《四川动物》2025年第2期232-240,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

摘　　要：水蛭广泛分布于湖泊、池塘和稻田等淡水环境,其唾液中含有多种生物活性物质,因此在临床治疗中具有较高应用价值。然而,水蛭体内共生的致病微生物可能通过叮咬或治疗过程进入人体,增加感染风险。这些共生微生物主要分布于水蛭的口腔、消化道、肾盂和膀胱中。随着微生物分离培养和鉴定技术的进步,新型的微生物培养鉴定方法在微生物多样性研究中的应用日益广泛,为理解野生水蛭共生微生物的生态功能和代谢途径提供了新思路。本文阐述了常见水蛭的生物特性、分布及共生微生物致病风险,并探讨了新型微生物分离鉴定和培养技术在水蛭共生微生物研究中的应用前景,为预防水蛭叮咬感染提供科学依据。Leeches are widely distributed in freshwater habitats,including lakes,ponds and paddy fields,and their saliva is enriched with a variety of biologically active substances,rendering them highly valuable for clinical applications.However,the presence of pathogenic microorganisms that coexist within leeches poses a potential risk of infection to humans,as these microbes may infiltrate the human body through bites or during therapeutic procedures.These commensal microorganisms are mainly distributed in the oral cavity,digestive tract,as well as the renal pelvis and bladder of leeches.With the continual progression of microbial culture and identification techniques,innovative methodologies have emerged and are increasingly being used in studies exploring microbial diversity.These advancements offer novel perspectives for understanding the ecological roles and metabolic pathways of symbiotic microorganisms found in wild leeches.This paper presents an overview of the biological characteristics,distribution and pathogenic risks associated with symbiotic microorganisms in common leeches,discusses the potential applications and future prospects of employing these cutting-edge microbial culture and identification techniques in the investigation of leech-associated symbiotic microorganisms,and provides a scientific basis for the prevention of infections resulting from leech bites.

关 键 词：水蛭多样性 共生微生物 分离鉴定技术 致病菌感染 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学] Q93-331