青贮桑叶替代全株玉米青贮对肉牛生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数及肉品质的影响  

Effects of silage mulberry leaves replacing whole corn silage on growth performance,slaughter performance,rumen fermentation parameters,and meat quality of beef cattle

作　　者：索效军[1,2] 杨前平 张年[1] 陶虎[1] 李晓锋[1] 张凤[1] 上官爱哨[1] 熊琪 SUO Xiaojun;YANG Qianping;ZHANG Nian;TAO Hu;LI Xiaofeng;ZHANG Feng;SHANGGUAN Aishao;XIONG Qi

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《饲料研究》2025年第3期28-33,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：湖北省技术创新计划项目(项目编号:2024BBB048)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究青贮桑叶替代全株玉米青贮对肉牛生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数及肉品质的影响。选择体重(320.00±4.25)kg、(12±1)月龄的西门塔尔牛40头,随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别使用15%、30%、45%青贮桑叶替代基础饲粮中的全株玉米青贮。预试期10 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示:Ⅲ组肉牛平均日增重显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。各试验组的平均日采食量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组料重比显著低于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),且养殖效益最高。各试验组肉骨比均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组的屠宰率显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。试验组的亮度(L*值)、红度(a*值)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),剪切力和滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组的氨态氮、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸的含量及乙丙比均显著增加(P<0.05)。研究表明,使用青贮桑叶替代全株玉米青贮虽然降低了西门塔尔牛的平均日采食量和平均日增重,但能够改善屠宰性能,促进瘤胃发酵,提高肉品质和养殖效益,适宜替代比例为15%。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of silage mulberry leaves replacing whole silage corn on growth performance,slaughter performance,rumen fermentation parameters,and meat quality of beef cattle.Forty Simmental cattle with a body weight of(320.00±4.25)kg and age of(12±1)months were randomly divided into four groups,10 replicates per group and one cattle per replicate.The cattle in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in GroupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere fed 15%,30%and 45%silage mulberry leaves instead of whole corn silage in the basal diet,respectively.The pre-test lasted for 10 days and the formal test lasted for 90 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of beef cattle in GroupⅢwas significantly lower than that in the control group and GroupⅠ(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The feed to gain ratio of GroupⅠwas significantly lower than that of the control group and GroupⅢ(P<0.05),and the breeding efficiency was the highest.The meat to bone ratio in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the slaughter rate in GroupⅠwas significantly higher than that in GroupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05).The brightness(L*value)and redness(a*value)of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the shear force and drip loss were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,total volatile fatty acid,acetic acid and the ratio of ethylene to propylene in experimental groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The study indicates that the use of silage mulberry leaves instead of whole corn silage decreases the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of Simmental cattle,but it can improve slaughter performance,promote rumen fermentation,improve meat quality and breeding efficiency,and the suitable replacement ratio is 15%.

关 键 词：青贮桑叶 肉牛 生长性能 屠宰性能 瘤胃发酵 肉品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]