大、小兴安岭地区钻天柳群落结构动态分析  

Community Structure Analysis of Salix arbutifolia Rotundus in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains

作　　者：张煜 谢红 张和阳 张国财[3] 张厚良 高金辉 ZHANG Yu;XIE Hong;ZHANG Heyang;ZHANG Guocai;ZHANG Houliang;GAO Jinhui(Yichun branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry,Yichun 153000;Heilongjiang Agricultural Engineearing Vocational College,Harbin 150088;Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150001)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院,黑龙江伊春153000 [2]黑龙江农业工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150088 [3]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《林业科技》2025年第2期23-28,共6页Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY1013);黑龙江省财政科研业务费竞争类项目(CZKYF2021C014);伊春市博士后工作站基金。

摘　　要：本研究选取大、小兴安岭18个具代表性的天然分布点,涵盖753株钻天柳,种群面积0.72 hm^(2)。通过样地设置与调查,分析其资源分布、群落组成及种群特征。结果显示,钻天柳野生资源多分布于海拔167~551 m河流两侧,植被为寒温带、温带落叶阔叶混交林,土壤类型多样。群落中钻天柳在乔木层占绝对优势,伴生树种有甜杨、大青杨等,其群落结构受人为活动与生境条件影响差异大。被子植物在群落中占绝对优势,不同样地植物系统发育类型差异显著,且存在珍稀濒危保护植物及外来入侵物种。草本植物在群落中占比较大,钻天柳群落物种多样性指数在不同样地有差异,部分样地多样性低。钻天柳种群径级结构偏态分布,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,幼苗阶段高死亡率是濒危重要原因。研究表明钻天柳群落物种组成简单,区系具北温带性质,种群空间分布受群落内小环境影响,人为干扰对其有一定影响。This study selected 18 representative natural distribution sites of Salix arbutifolia in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains,covering 753 individuals and an area of 0.72 hectares.Through the establishment of sample plots and surveys,the resource distribution,community composition,and population characteristics of Salix arbutifolia were analyzed.The results indicated that the wild resources of Salix arbutifolia were mainly distributed along the riverbanks at altitudes ranging from 167m to 551m,with vegetation types being subarctic and temperate deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests and diverse soil types.Salix arbutifolia dominated the canopy layer in the community,and the accompanying tree species included Populus suaveolens and Populus ussuriensis,and the community structure was significantly affected by human activities and environmental conditions.Angiosperms were dominant in the community,and the plant phylogenetic types in different sample plots differed significantly,and there were rare and endangered protected plants and invasive species. Herbaceous plants accounted for a relatively large proportion in the community, and the species diversity index of Salix arbutifolia communities varied in different sample plots, with some having low diversity. The population size structure of Salix arbutifolia was skewed, and the survival curve tended towards the Deevey - II type, with a high mortality rate in the seedling stage being an important reason for its endangerment. The study showed that the species composition of Salix arbutifolia communities was simple, the flora had a North Temperate affinity, the population spatial distribution was affected by the small environment within the community, and human interference had a certain impact on it.

关 键 词：钻天柳 群落结构 濒危原因 人工干预 

分 类 号：S791.43[农业科学—林木遗传育种]