无机盐对硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能的影响  

Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Dissolution Temperature of Ammonium Nitrate and the Explosive Performance of Expanded Ammonium Nitrate Explosives

作　　者：李炎 崔晓荣 李瑞[1,2] 汪泉 胡明航[1] 孙瑞 陈雅静 LI Yan;CUI Xiaorong;LI Rui;WANG Quan;HU Minghang;SUN Rui;CHEN Yajing(School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China;Hongda Civil Explosives Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510623,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]宏大民爆集团有限公司,广东广州510623

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2025年第4期68-76,共9页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重点项目(2023AH051221);安徽省自然科学基金(2208085QA26);安徽理工大学博士引进人才基金项目。

摘　　要：为了探究无机盐对硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能的影响,分别添加不同质量分数(2%、4%和6%)的NaCl、KCl、NaNO_(3)和KNO_(3)4种无机盐取代膨化硝铵炸药中的硝酸铵,测得了硝酸铵溶解温度和膨化硝铵炸药爆炸性能(爆速、猛度、做功能力)的影响。结果表明:添加无机盐质量分数为2%时,改良炸药较传统膨化硝铵配方炸药的溶解温度降低了8~12℃;添加NaNO_(3)和KNO_(3)的膨化硝铵炸药较传统配方炸药的爆速提高了120~150 m/s,添加NaCl和KCl的膨化硝铵炸药降低了150~850 m/s;添加NaNO_(3)和KNO_(3)的膨化硝铵炸药铅柱压缩量较传统配方增大了0.62~1.90 mm,添加NaCl和KCl的铅柱压缩量降低了0.06~2.55 mm;添加NaNO_(3)和KCl的炸药超压峰值提高了0.02~0.78 kPa,添加NaCl和KNO_(3)的炸药超压峰值降低了5.02~19.57 kPa。无机盐的质量分数每提高2%,溶解温度降低7~10℃,爆速降低100~300 m/s,铅柱压缩量缩小0.08~0.73 mm,超压峰值降低1.77~13.50 kPa。实际操作中,可以在膨化硝铵炸药中添加少量NaNO_(3),这样既有利于降低硝酸铵的溶解温度,同时有利于提高炸药的爆炸性能。In order to explore the influence of inorganic salts on the dissolution temperature of ammonium nitrate and the explosive performance of expanded ammonium nitrate explosives,the inorganic salts of 2%,4% and 6% of NaCl,KCl,NaNO_(3) and KNO_(3) respectively were used to replace the ammonium nitrate content in the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives,and the explosion performance(including the detonation velocity,the fierceness,and the work ability were measured).The results show that when the mass fraction of inorganic salt is 2%,the dissolution temperature is 8 to 12℃ lower than that of the traditional puffed ammonium nitrate formula explosives;the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives with NaNO_(3) and KNO_(3) is 120-150 m/s higher than the traditional formula,and NaCl and KCl are reduced by 150-850 m/s;lead column compression of NaNO_(3) and KNO_(3) increased by 0.62-1.90 mm,and NaCl and KCl decreased by 0.06-2.55 mm;the peak overpressure of NaNO_(3) and KCl increased by 0.02−0.78 kPa,and NaCl and KNO_(3) inorganic salts decreased by 5.02-19.57 kPa.For every 2%increase in the mass fraction of inorganic salt substitution,the dissolution temperature decreases by 7 to 10℃;the detonation velocity decreases by 100 to 300 m/s;lead column compression decreases by 0.08 to 0.73 mm;and the peak overpressure decrease by 1.77 to 13.5 kPa.In practice,a small quantity of NaNO_(3) can be added to the expanded ammonium nitrate explosives,which is not only conducive to reducing the dissolution temperature of ammonium nitrate,but also enhances the explosive performance of explosives.

关 键 词：膨化硝铵炸药 无机盐 工业生产 溶解温度 爆炸性能 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学] TJ55[理学—力学] O521.9[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]