科林格里奇“技术的社会控制”两难命题忽视了什么?  

What Does Collingridge's Dilemmatic Proposition of“the Social Control of Technology”Overlook?

作　　者：朱政德 ZHU Zhengde(School of Journalism&Communication,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学新闻与传播学院,北京100871

出　　处：《东北大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期18-25,共8页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA086)。

摘　　要：作为诠释技术失控成因的经典理论,科林格里奇两难命题已被技术评估界争论四十余年。既往研究主要在该命题的框架内权衡细节,极少意识到:科林格里奇由于将西方经济结构预设为无须反思的逻辑前提,只能悬浮在器物属性层面抽象推绎前馈、反馈控制之难,忽视资本主义生产关系对嵌入其中的技术施加了决定性反作用。从马克思主义政治经济学来看,资本主义生产关系自带不可调和的公私矛盾,会反复助推有公害却能谋私利的技术涌现并无序蔓延。根治科林格里奇两难命题的策略不是烦琐雕琢设计指标,而是限制资本:在前馈控制环节普及创客教育,改造科斯产权定理,在反馈控制环节依据反垄断法,横向/纵向拆分滥用市场支配权的在位公司,激活垂直创新以摒除技术痼疾。As a classic theory to explain the causes of technological tailspin,Collingridge's dilemmatic proposition has been debated in the field of technology assessment for more than 40 years.Previous studies mainly weighed details within the framework of this proposition,and rarely realized that since Collingridge presupposed the western economic structure as a logical premise without reflection,he could only abstractively infer the difficulty of feed-forward control and feedback control of technologies on the superficial level of properties of artifacts,overlooking the decisive reaction of capitalist production relations on technologies embedded in them.From the perspective of the Marxist political economy,the capitalist production relations contain irreconcilable public-private contradictions,which will repeatedly promote the emergence and spread of technologies that yield public hazards but benefit private interests.The solution to Collingridge's dilemmatic proposition is not to elaborate on design indicators,but to limit capital:popularizing maker education in the session of feed-forward control together with reforming Coase's theorem of property;meanwhile,separating incumbent firms that abuse market power horizontally or vertically in the session of feedback control according to the anti-monopoly law,so as to activate vertical innovations to eliminate technical maladies.

关 键 词：科林格里奇两难命题 技术的社会控制 生产关系 限制资本 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]