医保统筹能有效缩小城乡差距吗?  

Can Unified Medical Insurance Effectively Help to Reduce Urban-Rural Differences?

作　　者：方迎风[1] 周世宏 FANG Yingfeng;ZHOU Shihong(Economics and Management School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《东北大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期40-53,共14页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(24YJA790006);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003143)。

摘　　要：基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,构建双重差分模型并通过分组回归的方式从健康、收入、生活幸福感和恩格尔系数四个维度分析医保统筹政策对城乡不平等的影响。研究发现:医保统筹显著提高了农村居民的健康、收入与生活幸福感,降低其家庭恩格尔系数,但对于城镇居民的影响十分有限。医保统筹会通过促进农村居民用非农就业代替农业工作来提高收入。通过异质性分析发现农村中老年人、患有慢性疾病的群体以及经常性就医于综合医院的群体为医保统筹政策的主要受益群体,但农村低收入群体的收入和生活幸福感并没有得到有效改善。研究表明,医保统筹政策的推行有利于缩小城乡差距、促进城乡协调发展,但依然需要进一步完善相关制度安排,关注低收入群体以降低城乡各自内部的不平等。By using the data from CFPS,a difference-in-difference model is set up to analyze the effect of unified medical insurance on urban-rural differences through grouping regression.It is found that unified medical insurance can significantly enhance rural residents'health,personal income,life well-being and it can also help to reduce their families'Engel's coefficient,while it has caused very limited impact on urban residents.Besides,unified medical insurance increases the income of villagers by substituting agriculture jobs with non-agriculture jobs.Based on the heterogeneity analysis,it is found that the beneficiaries of unified medical insurance mainly include the rural middle-aged and elderly people,the groups with chronic diseases and the groups with regular medical treatment in general hospitals,but the income level and life well-being of the rural low-income groups fail to be effectively improved.It is concluded that unified medical insurance is good at narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas,and promoting the coordinated development between urban and rural areas,but the system of medical insurance still needs to be improved to help the low-income groups so as to reduce inequality within urban and rural areas respectively.

关 键 词：医保统筹 城乡差异 居民健康 低收入群体 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]