基于社会力模型和改进K短路径规划的地铁站客流疏散方法研究  

Simulation of subway passenger flow during station evacuation based on K⁃shortest path planning and an improved social force model

作　　者：赵利强[1] 刘进益 唐水雄 唐金金[3] 节孟轩 ZHAO LiQiang;LIU JinYi;TANG ShuiXiong;TANG JinJin;JIE MengXuan(College of Information Science and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029;Beijing Yilu Rail Transit Engineering Co.,Ltd,Beijing 101200;School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学信息科学与技术学院,北京100029 [2]北京驿禄轨道交通工程有限公司,北京101200 [3]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期54-64,共11页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：城市轨道交通车站客流密度大,站内乘客走行流线复杂,根据车站环境特征及乘客走行流线规划出合理的疏散路径能更加高效快捷地完成乘客的疏散。针对自适应社会力模型无法根据车站出口开闭信息为行人实时规划疏散路径的问题进行研究,提出一种基于社会力模型和改进K短路径规划的地铁站客流疏散仿真方法。对传统Yen算法进行改进,使其可以求解出乘客到达多个疏散口的K条短路径,为乘客的疏散过程提供路径信息。为了验证所提出方法的有效性,设计了简单场景下的人群疏散仿真实验,实验结果表明结合改进K短路径规划的自适应社会力模型的疏散效果更优。将所提方法用于地铁车站客流疏散仿真实验,结果证明所提出的仿真方法切实可行,可以应用于地铁车站的客流疏散仿真中。Urban rail transit stations experience a high passenger flow density,resulting in complex passenger movement within the station premises.Efficient and prompt passenger evacuation can be achieved by strategically planning evacuation routes in alignment with a station’s environmental characteristics and passenger flow patterns.To address the problem of adaptive social force models not being able to plan evacuation routes for pedestrians in real-time based on station exit opening and closing information,a method for the simulation of subway station pas-senger flow evacuation based on the social force model and improved K-shortest path planning is proposed.Through enhancements to the conventional Yen algorithm,this method can efficiently determine K-shortest paths that guide passengers to multiple evacuation exits,thus providing vital path information during evacuation procedures.A simulation experiment simulating crowd evacuation was devised within a simplified scenario in order to assess the effectiveness of our approach.The outcomes of this experiment clearly demonstrate the superior evacuation perfor-mance achieved when combining the adaptive social force model with improved K-shortest path planning.More-over,the proposed method has been applied to a passenger flow evacuation simulation experiment within a subway station setting.These experimental results conclusively affirm the feasibility and practical applicability of our simulation technique for conducting passenger flow evacuation simulations within subway stations.

关 键 词：K短路径规划 社会力模型 客流疏散 自适应计算 城市轨道交通 

分 类 号：U231.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]