超导电动悬浮磁体固氮低温系统温度特性研究  

Study on Temperature Characteristics of Superconducting Maglev Magnet Solid Nitrogen Cooling System

作　　者：王洛远 刘士苋 王磊[2] 冯志超 王晖[2] 张梦华[1] WANG Luoyuan;LIU Shixian;WANG Lei;FENG Zhichao;WANG Hui;ZHANG Menghua(University of Jinan School of Electrical Engineering,Jinan 250024,China;Institute of Electrical Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Qilu Zhongke Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology Research Institute,Jinan 250102,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学自动化与电气工程学院,济南250024 [2]中国科学院电工研究所,北京100190 [3]齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院,济南250102

出　　处：《真空与低温》2025年第2期221-228,共8页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52277032)。

摘　　要：超导电动悬浮是高温超导磁体的重要工程应用之一。降温时间、离线时间和再降温时间是超导电动磁体固氮低温系统的关键指标。详细描述了固氮低温系统组成及运行过程。对系统漏热进行了理论分析,建立了固氮低温系统的瞬态热分析模型,该模型能够计算系统降温过程、离线运行过程以及再降温过程的温度分布。开展了系统降温过程、离线运行过程和再降温过程的温度变化仿真计算。仿真结果表明磁体温度降至30 K以下,系统在不超过40 K的情况下可以离线运行2 h。基于模型计算结果对系统进行优化,所建立的模型可为固氮低温系统的设计与优化提供参考和指导。Superconducting maglev is one of the important engineering applications of high temperature superconducting magnets.Traditional cooling methods,such as chiller conduction cooling and liquid helium immersion cooling,cannot operate independently after being detached from the cooling source.They exhibit significant temperature gradients,have high operational costs,and are difficult to adapt to complex dynamic vehicle environments.The presence of solid nitrogen can reduce the temperature gradient in superconducting magnet systems and enhance temperature uniformity.Additionally,the high specific heat capacity of solid nitrogen,along with its second-order phase transitions,allows the superconducting magnet system to operate independently when detached from the cooling source,improving system portability.Furthermore,when liquid nitrogen transforms into solid nitrogen,it can bond with the superconducting magnet,increasing the system's dynamic stability.The solid nitrogen cooling system employs a cooling machine for pre-cooling and solid nitrogen for insulation,providing a wide operational temperature range and good thermal uniformity.This setup offers a low-temperature working environment for high-temperature superconducting magnets while enhancing the magnet’s dynamic performance and adapting to vehicle-mounted conditions.Cooling time,offline time,and re-cooling time are the key indexes of solid nitrogen cooling system for superconducting electromagnet.The composition and operation process of the system are described in detail,and the heat leakage of the system is analyzed theoretically.The transient thermal analysis model of the system is established,which can calculate the temperature distribution of the system cooling process,offline operation process and re-cooling process.The temperature change of the system cooling process,offline operation process and re-cooling process is simulated.The simulation results show that the magnet temperature drops below 30 K,and the system can run offline for 2 hours at no more tha

关 键 词：电动悬浮 高温超导磁体 固氮冷却 低温系统 

分 类 号：TB657[一般工业技术—制冷工程]