离子电推进发展历史回顾与启示(中)  

Historical Review and Insights into the Development of Ion Electric Propulsion(Ⅱ)

作　　者：张天平[1] 陈娟娟[1] 张雪儿 ZHANG Tianping;CHEN Juanjuan;ZHANG Xueer(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《真空与低温》2025年第2期248-275,共28页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62371213);甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RA784)。

摘　　要：离子电推进是空间电推进中最具代表性的技术之一,追溯离子电推进从概念到工程应用的历史过程,能够为洞见离子电推进技术的未来发展提供有力依据。从早期孕育、初期发展、中期发展、当代发展和创新发展等五个方面,对世界各国离子电推进技术的发展历史进行了包括技术发展、产品研发、工程应用等内容的全面回顾。在此基础上,将离子电推进从初始概念到工程应用经历的漫长过程分为五个方面系统总结了离子电推进发展的成功经验和失败教训,从正确认识离子电推进等七个方面梳理了对离子电推进未来发展具有借鉴意义的启示。As one of the most representative technologies in the aerospace,ion electric propulsion has been widely used for the north-south station keeping and the orbit transfer missions.Compared to other propulsions,ion electric propulsion is characteristics of a high specific impulse,small thrust,continuous thrust adjustment,and long lifetime;therefore,it could significantly improve the effective payload and remarkably reduce the launch cost of the satellite.Because of this higher specific impulse,ion electric propulsion has become the most optimum propulsion system for the long distance deep space explorations to keep north-south station of satellite and transfer its orbit.Actually,reviewing and concluding its theoretical researches,product development and engineering applications could not only help researches to trace back to its histories from original concept to engineering services,but also provide insight into and help to quickly develop of this ion electric propulsion technology.This paper comprehensively introduces the development of this technology by symmetrically reviewing its histories and timely concluding the successful experience and failure lessons to provide valuable references for the future development of the ion electric propulsion.Firstly,this paper introduces the development histories of the ion electric propulsion all over the word from following five aspects,early concept,initial,middle,contemporary and innovational developments,including its technology researches,product development,engineering applications.After that,the long developmental histories from the initial concept to the last engineering applications are divided into five parts for systematically summarize the engineering successful experience and failure lessons.Lastly,the enlightenment of the future development of ion electric propulsion is concluded from seven aspects,including correct understanding of ion-electric propulsion.

关 键 词：离子电推进 离子推力器 发展历史 启示 产品研制 工程应用 

分 类 号：TB71[一般工业技术—真空技术] V439[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]