铝基钎料微观组织调控工艺的研究进展  

Research progress on microstructure control process of aluminum based brazing materials

作　　者：卓越超 杨军 赵泳林[1,2] 崔方方 李函[2,3] 韩冰源 ZHUO Yue-chao;YANG Jun;ZHAO Yong-lin;CUI Fang-fang;LI Han;HAN Bing-yuan(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China;College of Automotive Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Transmission and Electronic Control,Shiyan 442002,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院汽车与交通工程学院,江苏常州213001 [2]湖北汽车工业学院汽车工程学院,湖北十堰442002 [3]汽车动力传动与电子控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北十堰442002

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2025年第3期29-43,共15页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：基础研究项目(50904010201)。

摘　　要：钎焊以其热影响区小、不易导致母材融化等特点广泛应用于航空航天和汽车工业中。铝基钎料多以亚共晶Al-Si合金为基,该类钎料具有良好的润湿性及流动性,通过添加其他合金元素可降低钎料熔点以满足铝合金及异种金属之间的焊接。铝基钎料微观组织中晶粒及金属间相尺寸的大小和分布决定了焊缝的力学性能,对微观组织进行调控可有效提升铝基钎料的焊后性能。基于此,本文从物理调控及化学调控两个方面,总结了近年来Al-Si合金微观组织调控工艺的研究进展;阐述了快速凝固、超声振动场及搅拌技术的作用机理;阐明了晶粒细化剂的细化机理以及其他元素对Al-Si合金的变质机理;指出了目前各项组织调控工艺的优缺点;结合国内外研究进展,从加强新技术研发、优化工艺参数、多种工艺复合处理等方面对铝基钎料组织调控工艺方法进行了展望。Brazing is widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries due to its small heat affected zone and low susceptibility to melting of the base material.Aluminum based brazing materials are mostly based on hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys,which have good wetting and flowability.By adding other alloying elements,the melting point of the brazing material can be reduced to meet the welding needs between aluminum alloys and dissimilar metals.The size and distribution of grain and intermetallic phase sizes in the microstructure of aluminum based brazing materials determine the mechanical properties of the weld.Controlling the microstructure can effectively improve the post weld performance of aluminum based brazing materials.Based on this,this article summarizes the research progress of microstructure control processes in Al-Si alloys in recent years from two aspects:physical control and chemical control.The mechanisms of rapid solidification,ultrasonic vibration field and stirring technology are elaborated.The refinement mechanism of grain refinement agents and the modification mechanism of other elements on Al-Si alloys are clarified.The advantages and disadvantages of current microstructural regulation processes are pointed out.Based on the research progress at home and abroad,this paper looks forward to the process methods for regulating the microstructure of aluminum based brazing materials from the aspects of strengthening new technology research and development,optimizing process parameters,and multiple process composite treatments.

关 键 词：铝基钎料 工艺改性 晶粒细化 微观组织 

分 类 号：TG425[金属学及工艺—焊接]