结构参数对真空触发开关输出脉冲电流上升率的影响研究  

The Influence of Structural Parameters on the Output Pulse Current Rise Rate of Triggered Vacuum Switch

作　　者：柏昕澎 陈占清 吝伶艳[1] 郭烘瑛 康爱亮 雷志鹏[1] 廖敏夫[2] BAI Xinpeng;CHEN Zhanqing;LIN Lingyan;GUO Hongying;KANG Ailiang;LEI Zhipeng;LIAO Minfu(College of Electrical and Power Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院,太原030024 [2]大连理工大学电气工程学院,大连116024

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2025年第3期180-188,共9页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52177131);山西省“1331工程”提质增效建设计划项目(晋教科[2021]14号);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021212225,202203021212274)。

摘　　要：为提升真空触发开关的放电功率,满足脉冲功率系统对大功率开关器件的需求,文章对影响真空触发开关(Triggered vacuum switch,TVS)输出脉冲电流上升率的相关结构参数进行研究。首先结合理论计算,明确结构电感与电弧电阻变化对TVS电流上升率的影响。随后基于可拆真空腔体搭建TVS放电试验平台,对比并分析电极结构、工作电压及电极间距等参数对开关输出电流上升率的影响。结果表明,TVS内电极直径、导电杆尺寸、电极材料等参数的变化会导致结构电感或电弧电阻的变化,影响其输出脉冲电流的上升率。采用平板电极时,TVS输出的电流上升率要高于纵磁杯状电极。工作电压的升高和电极间距的减小可使TVS输出更为陡峭的脉冲电流,间距10 mm的TVS样机可在10 kV电压下输出上升率1.91×10^(9) A/s的电流。建议研制用于高功率系统的真空开关时,合理设计其电极间距、结构等参数以提高开关输出电流的上升率。In order to increase the discharge power of the triggered vacuum switch(TVS),meeting the demands for high-power switching devices in pulsed power systems,in this paper,relevant structural parameters affecting the output pulse current rise rate of the triggered vacuum switch are studied.First,combined with theoretical calculations,the effects of TVS structural inductance and arc resistance on the current rise rate are compared.Subsequently,a discharge test platform for TVS was built based on a detachable vacuum chamber.Effects of electrode structure,working voltage,and gap distance on the rising rate of pulse current are compared and analyzed.The results proved that differences in parameters such as electrode diameter,conductive rod size,and electrode material in TVS lead to the change of its structural inductance or arc resistance and affect the rising rate of pulse current.When using a flat plate electrode,the current rising rate of TVS is higher than that of the transverse magnetic fields electrode.By increasing operating voltage and decreasing gap distance,a steeper pulse current can be output by TVS,and the 10 mm TVS can output current with a rising rate of 1.91×10^(9) A/s under 10 kV operating voltage.It is suggested that,when developing TVS for high-power systems,the gap distance,structure and other parameters should be reasonably designed to improve the rise rate of switching output current.

关 键 词：真空触发开关 电流上升率 电极结构 电弧等离子体 电弧扩散 

分 类 号：TM564[电气工程—电器]