高速钨合金破片速度衰减规律试验研究  

Experimental Study on Velocity Attenuation Law of High-velocity Tungsten Alloy Fragments

作　　者：袁硕 赵东志 程春 郭策安[1] 赵爽[1] 蒋招绣 王紫艺 YUAN Shuo;ZHAO Dongzhi;CHENG Chun;GUO Cean;ZHAO Shuang;JIANG Zhaoxiu;WANG Ziyi(School of Department of Equipment Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China;North Huaan Industry Group Co.,Ltd,Qiqihar 161046,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学装备工程学院,辽宁沈阳110158 [2]北方华安工业集团有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161046 [3]宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《弹道学报》2025年第1期77-84,共8页Journal of Ballistics

基　　金：沈阳市科技人才项目(RC230925)。

摘　　要：为研究破片形状、质量等因素对预制破片在飞行过程中速度衰减规律的影响,利用25 mm弹道炮对球形破片、长方体破片以及静爆试验回收长方体破片进行了飞行速度测试试验。其中,球形破片直径分别为7 mm和8 mm,质量分别为3.9 g和4.7 g;长方体破片尺寸为8 mm×8 mm×7.05 mm,质量7.94 g。采用多普勒雷达测速技术,测量了破片在飞行过程中的实时速度数据,分析了破片速度随时间的变化规律,并运用数值分析方法得到破片速度随位移的变化规律,最后通过数据拟合得到了破片速度衰减系数、球形和长方体破片速度衰减系数与马赫数之间的关系。结果表明:对于球形破片,随破片半径的增大,速度衰减系数呈现减小趋势。对比了8 mm球形破片和8 mm×8 mm×7.05 mm长方体破片的速度衰减系数,发现两种破片的质量相差很大,但平均速度衰减系数接近。1300~2100 m/s初速范围内,相比长方体规则破片,静爆试验回收长方体破片的平均速度衰减系数更大,说明其在空气中飞行受到的阻力更大,速度衰减更快。静爆试验回收长方体破片形状与实际战斗部爆炸后产生的破片形状更为接近,试验结果对于战斗部设计及威力评估有更大的参考价值。To study the influence of fragment shape,mass and other factors on the velocity attenuation law of prefabricated fragments in the flight process,the flying velocity test was conducted on spherical fragments,cuboid fragments and cuboid fragments recycled from static explosion tests using 25 mm ballistic-gun.Among them,the diameters of the spherical fragments are 7 mm and 8 mm respectively,and the masses are 3.9 g and 4.7 g respectively;the size of the cuboid fragment is 8 mm×8 mm×7.05 mm,and the mass is 7.94 g.Using Doppler radar velocity-measurement technology,the real-time velocity data of fragments during flight were measured,and the variation law of fragment velocity with time was analyzed.The variation law of fragment velocity with displacement was obtained by numerical analysis method.Finally,the fragment velocity-attenuation-coefficient,the relationship between the velocity attenuation coefficient of spherical and cuboid fragments and the Mach number(Ma)were obtained through data fitting.For spherical fragments,the velocity attenuation coefficient shows a decreasing trend with the increase of fragment radius.The velocity attenuation coefficients of 8mm spherical fragments were compared with that of 8 mm×8 mm×7.05 mm cuboid fragments.The result shows that the masses of the two types of fragments are significantly different,but the average velocity-attenuation-coefficients are close.Within the initial velocity range of 1300-2100 m/s,compared to cuboid regular fragments,the average velocity-attenuation-coefficient of cuboid fragments recovered from static explosion experiments is larger,indicating that they experience greater air resistance and faster velocity attenuation during flight in the air.The shape of the cuboid fragments recycled from the static explosion test is closer to that of fragments generated after the actual warhead explosion,and the test result has greater reference value for the design and power evaluation of the warhead.

关 键 词：高速破片 雷达测速 衰减系数 破片形状 空气阻力 

分 类 号：TJ410[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]